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Thinking without rules lives according to the following rules:
Arbitrary drift from Idea to Idea
Option 1. Imitation of logic. Option 2. Everything is logical, but what is hidden is that it can be logical in a different way, that there can be many logics here.
«It’s getting dark, and we have to go.» Or: »It’s already getting dark, so we can’t go anywhere«.
A shoe company decided to enter the African market and sent two managers there. Soon two telegrams come from there. First: «There is no one to sell shoes, no one wears shoes here.» Second: “Amazing selling opportunity, everyone here is barefoot for now!”
Prejudice: Decide First, Think Later
A person takes a position (prejudice, second-hand opinion, quick judgment, whim, etc.) and then uses thinking only to defend it.
— Morning exercises do not suit me, because I am an owl.
Deliberate Misunderstanding: Taking Things to the Extreme
The generally accepted method of proof is to take things to the extreme and thus show that the idea is impossible or worthless. It is more than a tendency to exploit existing prejudices. This is creation instant prejudice.
— Well, you still say that …
Consider Only Part of the Situation
The most common flaw in thinking and the most dangerous. Only a part of the situation is considered and the conclusion is flawlessly and logically based on this part. The danger here is twofold. First, you cannot refute the conclusion by finding a logical error, since there is no such error. Secondly, it is difficult to force a person to consider other aspects of the situation, because everything is already clear to him and he has already come to a conclusion.
— At our game «Submarine» only egoists were saved, and all decent people died. So, decent people are those who decide to die on a submarine for the sake of others.