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One of the most accessible mushrooms when breeding is growing mushrooms in the country – for this you just need to look in the forest for a suitable stump or a piece of a fallen tree trunk with a rich mycelium and move it to your site. Moreover, it is possible to grow both autumn and winter or summer mushrooms in the country. A more painstaking way is to grow mushrooms at home in a room specially equipped for this.
The technology of growing mushrooms in the country and in the garden on stumps (with video)
summer honey agaric (Kuehneromyces mutabilis) is well known to the inhabitants of Our Country. Which mushroom picker has not seen an abundance of small fruiting bodies with thin legs on stumps? The caps are edible and tasty. Few mushrooms are able to give such a high yield on logs as summer mushrooms.
Summer mushroom begins to bear fruit on birch logs a year after sowing. Mycelium overwinters well in logs. Fruits in conditions of high humidity. During cultivation, it converts log wood into mycowood, which has thermal insulation properties.
How to grow mushrooms mushrooms in the backyard? The easiest way to grow mushrooms in the garden is to bring deadwood, pieces of logs or stumps from the forest on which this mushroom grows. Under the condition of regular watering during dry periods, summer honey agaric gives several waves of fruiting on the brought wood.
On logs sown in 2005 and half dug in, mushrooms grow near the ground. Summer mushroom loves old, dilapidated stumps and branches.
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To obtain high yields when growing mushrooms on stumps, it is necessary to make a covered pit below ground level – such that the upper ends of the logs dug there by one third of the pieces of logs with summer mushrooms do not reach the roof by 20-30 cm. The lid is best made from boards with almost no slots and set it on bricks.
The mushroom also settles on old pieces of logs on which the shiitake mushroom used to grow. In our dry climate, wild mushrooms such as honey agaric and deer scourge are displacing shiitake from the woody substrate. Apparently, this explains its absence in our forests.
Plyutei deer (Pluteus cervinus) and autumn line (Gyromitra esqulenta) also grow on dilapidated deadwood and on stumps.
In the garden on chumps, you can also breed winter honey agarics. Winter honey agaric (Flammulina velutipes) is an edible, tasty and healing mushroom. It can even be eaten raw. It most readily grows on pieces of willow wood, on willow stumps. It is also possible to grow mushrooms on birch logs. Fruit bodies are formed not only on the bark of logs, but also on the butt. It bears fruit in late autumn and even in winter when positive temperatures occur during thaws. There are known cases of fruiting on New Year’s Eve under the snow. Under a microscope, you can see how the frozen, burst mycelial cells of winter honey fungus begin to grow together when the temperature rises above zero.
Growing autumn mushrooms from mycelium on stumps
autumn honey agaric (Armillaria mellea) is difficult to grow on a separate stump, but it can settle on its own in a garden plot on birch stumps and even on weakened apple trees. Growing mushrooms on stumps is also possible in a garden plot with a high level of groundwater. When ennobling garden plots, bushes and trees are cut down in the place of former shrubs and low forests, and the roots of felled trees remain underground. Autumn honey agaric masters these remnants with its mycelium and grows on them, crawling out of the ground.
How to grow mushrooms from mycelium in the country? Breeding in the gardens of autumn mushrooms is hindered by their unwillingness to take root on a separate stump. When growing mushrooms from mycelium on stumps, the mycelium will begin to develop the wood of the stump, but this will all end. It will not bear fruit until it captures a large area. Autumn mushroom prefers to form a plantation on many stumps and trees at once, capturing them with the help of long and thick rhizomorphs of its mycelium. Its cords of mycelium (rhizomorphs) glow in the dark. But in order to see this phenomenon, you need to accustom your eyes to darkness for more than an hour.
There is also speculation that it can live on garden trees as a parasite. Therefore, it is undesirable for the garden. But here little depends on us. Growing mushrooms in the country and in the garden is not so easy, but if the mushrooms settled on their own, they cannot be destroyed. Therefore, there is nothing left but to collect them, salt or fry. Raw autumn mushrooms can cause stomach upset. Even with cold salting, along with milk mushrooms or other milkworts that do not require boiling, autumn mushrooms must first be boiled for 15 minutes so as not to get poisoned. Boiled and dried autumn mushrooms are completely non-toxic.
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You can try to create a plantation of logs dug into the ground for growing autumn mushrooms. On a garden plot in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, the forest comes close to the garden plot. Near the site there are stumps on which autumn mushroom grows every year. You can dug into the ground one and a half meter pieces of logs from spruce ruined by the bark beetle. Arrange drip irrigation of these logs and wait for the autumn mushroom to capture our logs.
To effectively moisten the logs along the axis, a hole 2 cm in diameter and 60 cm deep was drilled in the center of the log, and cylindrical cavities were selected in the upper part using a wood cutter, playing the role of funnels for filling water. Water can be poured from a kettle or using a drip irrigation system. Water is supplied from the barrel through silicone tubes and drips from a disposable syringe.
Ephedra are moistened for a long time due to the presence of resin. At initial moistening, non-rotten wood is moistened slowly – about a week. Water enters a damp or rotten log fairly quickly.
The video “Growing mushrooms” shows how to breed these mushrooms in the country:
How to grow mushrooms from mycelium at home
The basis of the substrate for growing mushrooms again at home is the husk from sunflower seeds or sawdust of hardwood or dry pine boards.
The fruiting bodies of the winter mushroom have a unique ability to push their hats into the zone of fresher air with the help of long legs. This property makes it possible to simplify the collection of fruiting bodies by growing winter mushrooms in a high bag, in which only its lower part is filled with the substrate.
How to grow mushrooms at home to get a good harvest? To do this, take a bag of polypropylene sleeve 25,5 cm wide and 28 cm long. Put 2 liters of substrate into it. You will get a package with a diameter of 16 cm, a height of 28 cm and a volume of 5 liters, of which 3 liters is the free space above the substrate.
For the manufacture of one substrate block with a volume of 2 liters, take 230 g of dry sunflower husks or 200 g of dry sawdust. Add 70 g of grain (oats or barley). Add a teaspoon of chalk or lime flour – CaCO3 to the mixture. Add pure water to the substrate in such an amount that the mass becomes 900 g. Mix the substrate and place it in the bottom of the bag.
After that, the substrate in bags must be sterilized in an autoclave for 1,5 hours or pasteurized by fractional pasteurization. Cotton plugs should be wrapped in aluminum foil and sterilized so as not to get wet.
After cooling the bags with the substrate with your hands, knead the grain mycelium of the winter honey agaric. Hands, table and the room itself must be clean! Open the neck of the bag and sprinkle mycelium on the surface of the substrate (a tablespoon without a slide). Compact the mycelium and substrate in the bag with a spoon or hands. Insert a 3 cm stopper made of sterilized cotton wool into the upper part of the neck of the bag. Tighten the neck of the bag around the stopper with twine.
For incubation when growing mushroom mycelium in the substrate, place the bags on the shelves at a temperature of +12. ..+20 °С. At this stage of mycelium development, air humidity does not matter. Through the film of the package, you can see how the mycelium grows from grains with mycelium. After about 30 days, the substrate block can be considered ready for fruiting. It will become denser and lighter. Small tubercles will appear on its surface – the rudiments of fruiting bodies. It is necessary to transfer the blocks to the place of their future fruiting carefully, without removing the cotton plug, trying not to damage the surface of the block.
For mushrooms to appear, just remove the cork from the bag and leave the bag open. The upper empty part of the bag will play the role of a “collar”, in which the caps of the fruiting bodies of the winter honey agaric will stretch upward from the zone of high carbon dioxide concentration to the air. They pick mushrooms after their caps come out of the bag, and the legs become like pasta that has filled the top, empty part of the bag. Mushrooms are cut along with the legs, which are tied with a thread like a bouquet of flowers. Both the caps and the legs are edible.