Definition of herniated disc

A hernia is the protrusion of an organ or part of an organ (most often, the intestine) out of its usual position. A herniated disc is the protrusion of a portion of an intervertebral disc.

Between each of the 24 movable vertebrae of the spine is a intervertebral disc formed of a fibrous and solid structure that contains a gelatinous nucleus (see diagram). These discs give flexibility to the column and serve as shock absorbers in the event of an impact. A herniated disc occurs when a disc weakens, cracks, or ruptures and part of the gelatinous nucleus erupts.

Lumbar disc herniation: the most common herniation

Although the herniated disc can affect any region of the spine, the vast majority of herniated discs occur in the lower back, in the lumbar region. In this case, the hernia can cause low back pain. If the hernia compresses one of the roots of the sciatic nerve, it can be accompanied by pain along one leg: this is sciatica. A hernia can also go unnoticed; this is usually the case when it does not compress a nerve root.

Who is affected?

La herniated disc mainly affects individuals aged 35 to 55. men are more likely to suffer from a herniated disc than women, since they demand more their physical strength through their profession or sport.

It is difficult to assess the prevalence of herniated disc since some go unnoticed. Current data suggests that 1 in 50 people have it at one time or another.

Causes

• La degeneration intervertebral discs, which dry out with theage. The spine loses its tone, elasticity and height.
• A sudden action in poor posture, such as lifting a heavy load in a torsion position.
• The surplus of weight and the pregnancy, which increase tension on the spine.
• A hereditary predisposition : several members of a family are sometimes affected. Predisposed people tend to suffer from a herniated disc earlier, sometimes even before adulthood. Genetic abnormalities can lead to weakness in the structures that make up the spine.

When to consult?

In the following cases, it is advisable to obtain a medical assessment without delay.

• Your back pain has been present for more than a week and constrains your daily activities.
• Your back pain is caused by kick or a accident.
• Your pains wake you up night.
• Your pain is accompanied by fever unexplained or a weight loss.

Usually, with good care and some precautions, hernias heal within 4 to 6 weeks. If not, see a doctor again.

See a doctor in urgency if your back pain is accompanied by urinary or fecal incontinence (or on the contrary, retention), impotence or severe weakness in the legs (to the point where you have difficulty standing or climbing stairs).