Megakaryoblastoma

General description of the disease

This is a pathology that is referred to as malignant lymphomas. The etiology of this disease is still unknown. The disease accounts for about 1% of the total number of oncological pathologies.

Lymphogranulomatosis was first described by a doctor from England, Thomas Hodgkin, in the early 19th century. Only people, mostly of the European race, can get Hodgkin’s disease. At the same time, there are two peaks of the disease: at 20 – 30 years old and at 50 – 60 years old, men are 2 times more likely than women to develop lymphogranulomatosis.

A characteristic sign of this pathology is the appearance of large-sized Berezovsky-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes or in neoplasms, which can be detected under a microscope.

Symptoms of lymphogranulomatosis

Lymphadenopathy is considered a specific symptom of the disease – an increase in lymph nodes, while the lymph nodes are quite dense to the touch, mobile and painless to the touch. In the armpits and groin, enlarged lymph nodes can be detected visually.

When the lymphatic tissue in the chest area is damaged, enlarged lymph nodes compress the bronchi and lungs, as a result of which a patient with Hodgkin’s disease is worried about a debilitating cough and shortness of breath.

Common signs of lymphogranulomatosis include:

1. 1 excessive sweating, especially at night;
2. 2 rapid weight loss;
3. 3 fatigue;
4. 4 fever for more than 7 days;
5. 5 itching;
6. 6 pain in bone tissue;
7. 7 swelling of the extremities;
8. 8 abdominal pain;
9. 9 stomach upset;
10. 10 prostration;
11. 11 dry cough and shortness of breath;
12. 12 loss of appetite.

Causes of lymphogranulomatosis

The cause of Hodgkin’s disease has not yet been determined. However, there is a version that lymphogranulomatosis is of an infectious nature, the disease can be caused by a virus Epstein-Barr.

Factors that can trigger the development of Hodgkin’s disease:

• hereditary predisposition;
• contact with certain chemicals;
• autoimmune diseases;
• congenital or acquired immunodeficiency.

Complications of lymphogranulomatosis

If the tumor affects the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, then abdominal pain may occur.

With lymphogranulomatosis of the gastrointestinal tract, ulceration of the mucous membrane develops, which leads to intestinal bleeding up to peritonitis. If the tumor process affects the lungs, then the disease proceeds as pneumonia, and if the pleura is damaged, exudative pleurisy is possible.

Lymphogranulomatosis of bones occurs with damage to the bones of the pelvis, spine, ribs, and in rare cases of tubular bones. In the case of incorrect therapy, the patient begins destruction of the vertebral bodies and vertebralgia. Lymphogranulomatosis of the spinal cord within a week can be complicated by transverse paralysis. With damage to the bone marrow, complications such as anemia and thrombocytopenia are possible.

Prevention of lymphogranulomatosis

Prevention of Hodgkin’s disease is:

1. 1 minimizing the impact on the human body of mutagens such as UV radiation, radiation, toxic chemicals;
2. 2 hardening the body;
3. 3 limiting physiotherapy procedures for elderly people;
4. 4 sanitation of foci of infection;
5. 5 strengthening immunity;
6. 6 quitting smoking;
7. 7 compliance with the rest and sleep regimen.

Patients with lymphogranulomatosis in remission should be regularly examined by an oncologist and hematologist. Relapse of pathology can provoke excessive physical activity and pregnancy.

Treatment of lymphogranulomatosis in official medicine

In modern medicine, the following methods of therapy for Hodgkin’s disease are used:

• radiation therapy indicated in the initial stages of lymphogranulomatosis. With the help of special devices, the affected lymph nodes or organs are irradiated. This method of treatment can achieve up to 90% of long-term remissions;
• chemotherapy provides for the combination of cytostatic agents with prednisonol. Treatment is carried out in courses, the number of cycles depends on the severity of the disease and the patient’s condition;
• surgical intervention involves the removal of the affected lymph nodes, in some cases, a bone marrow transplant is prescribed. It is effective only at the І-ІІ stages of the disease;
• symptomatic therapy includes blood transfusion, transfusion of erythrocyte mass, platelet mass, taking antifungal and antibacterial drugs, as well as detoxification therapy.

With timely diagnosis and correctly prescribed treatment, a stable remission can be achieved in 50% of patients, while the survival rate is up to 90%.

Attention!

The administration is not responsible for any attempt to use the information provided, and does not guarantee that it will not harm you personally. The materials cannot be used to prescribe treatment and make a diagnosis. Always consult your specialist doctor!