Contents
The culture was obtained in the process of crossing varieties: Black large and Rossoshanskaya black. Cherry Hutoryanka was included in the State Register relatively recently – in 2004. Despite many advantages, the variety is not widely used.
Description of Khutoryanka sour cherries
This is a low tree with a spreading crown, which is formed in the form of a pyramid, cone or broom. Foliage densely covers each branch and shoot.
The leaves are oval with a pointed end, serrated along the edges, slightly wrinkled and pubescent. The color of the upper surface of the leaf is dark green, the lower part is light gray. Leaf sizes: length reaches 10 cm, width – up to 6 cm.
The petiole is thick, grows up to 2,5 cm, has a dark, burgundy hue.
The bark is brown with a gray or purple tint. Its surface is smooth, glossy or slightly rough. Old cherries can peel off the bark.
The branches grow to the trunk at an acute angle, and may break off during harvesting. The shoots are thickened, even and straight.
Height and dimensions of an adult tree
An adult cherry tree Hutoryanka has a height of no more than 4 m. The culture is classified as medium-sized. The crown in diameter does not exceed 5 m.
Description of fruits
Depending on the region, fruit ripening occurs in early or late June. The weight of an average berry is 4 g, the diameter is 2 cm.
The shape of cherries can be round, flat round, in the form of a heart, the color of the berries is dark red, almost black
The pulp is also dark red, juicy, dense. The drupe is light brown, covered with a thin layer of pulp, from which it is difficult to separate. Separation of cherries from the stalk dry.
In the process of ripening, the berries do not bake in the sun, the shedding is weak.
Hutoryanka cherries are sweet, with slight sourness and astringency. The tasting score is 4 points.
Pollinators for cherries Hutoryanka
It is a self-fertile variety and does not require pollinators. The absence of related crops in the garden does not affect the yield. This greatly facilitates maintenance.
Cherry Hutoryanka blooms at the end of May, small white buds form large fragrant inflorescences
Main characteristics
Cherry Hutoryanka is classified as a medium-yielding, unpretentious variety. Technological and consumer qualities of berries are high.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
In hot, dry summers, the Hutoryanka cherry is recommended to be watered once a week. Do it in the evening, after sunset, always with warm water. If there is enough rainfall, the tree does not need watering.
The farmer’s cherry is resistant to frost. Only young seedlings of the first year need shelter.
Mature plants easily recover from frost damage. The main feature of the variety is the ability to adapt to difficult climatic conditions.
Productivity
The fruits of the Hutoryanka cherry ripen in early or late June. After planting, the culture bears fruit for 3 or 4 years. The first season will be the most lean, the number of harvested fruits will not exceed 2 kg. 5 years after planting, they begin to collect a long-awaited, plentiful harvest, which will be approximately 10-12 kg of berries from one tree.
If you carry out timely pruning of a thickened crown, top dressing and watering in a dry summer, the yield of a tree can be increased up to 20 kg.
The high density of the pulp allows you to store berries for 1,5 weeks and transport them over long distances without loss of commercial qualities.
Cherry Hutoryanka is eaten fresh and used for processing. Juicy pulp gives a lot of dark, thick juice. Cherry is good in compotes, jams, marmalades.
Due to the dense pulp and the ability to endure transportation, the Hutoryanka variety as a dessert variety can often be found in the markets.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the large number of positive qualities, the Hutoryanka cherry has a number of disadvantages. These include low yields, medium ripening periods, branches that easily break off from the trunk.
Advantages of the variety:
- good taste of berries;
- transportability;
- high keeping quality of fruits;
- adaptability to difficult climate;
- high technical qualities;
- fast recovery of a tree after damage.
Also, the Hutoryanka variety is slightly affected by moniliosis – fruit rot.
Rules of landing
A selectively bred variety needs proper planting and care. Subject to all the rules, cherries will bear fruit in accordance with varietal characteristics for 14-15 years.
Recommended dates
For the southern regions, experts recommend planting Hutoryanka cherries in a warm autumn – at the end of September.
In the central and northern regions, fruit trees are planted in the spring, after the soil warms up well. This is the beginning or end of May. It is important to wait for dry, warm and calm weather.
Site selection and soil preparation
For planting cherries Hutoryanka choose a well-lit part of the garden on the south side.
The tree on one side must be protected by a building or fenced off from the north wind
Also, the buildings will shade the seedling from the scorching sun at noon.
Groundwater should be no closer than 2,5 m to the surface of the earth. Low-lying places where there is a possibility of stagnation of rain or melt water should be avoided.
The soil should be loose, fertile, sandy or loamy. Acidified soils for growing the Hutoryanka variety are not suitable. 2 weeks before planting, the soil is fertilized by applying complex mineral fertilizers. Immediately before planting, the top layer of the earth is mixed with wood ash, potassium chloride or humus.
How to plant
When laying a cherry orchard, 4 m indents are made between rows, and 3 m between seedlings. Consider how far the crown will spread when the tree grows.
Before planting, the rhizome of the seedling is checked: damaged and rotten shoots are removed. If the root is dry, it is soaked in warm water with a weak solution of manure for an hour.
Landing algorithm:
- Dig a hole 80 cm in diameter and 0,5 m deep.
- Install a peg in the center of the recess, fix it.
- Set the seedling near the stake, straighten the root shoots. It is important to ensure that the root neck rises 3 cm above the soil level.
- The root is covered with earth, the stem of the seedling is tied to a peg.
- The soil is lightly rammed, a near-stem hole is formed.
After planting, the seedling is watered with 2 buckets of warm water; at the last stage, the trunk circle is mulched
Features of care
Proper care is no less important than landing. Cherry variety Hutoryanka is unpretentious, does not need special care.
Watering and fertilizing schedule
For the first 2 years, the Hutoryanka cherry needs plentiful and frequent watering in the warm season. On average, this is 2 times a month. Before watering, the water is heated a little, it is poured only in the radius of the near-stem circle.
Top dressing is carried out at the 2nd year of life of a young tree. To do this, use special mineral complexes for fruit trees or rotted manure, diluted in water 1:10.
Trimming
The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting. The second procedure is carried out in the fall – cut off damaged and rotten shoots.
Mature trees are pruned in spring and autumn
In the process, the crown is formed and thinned, unnecessary diseased or infected branches are removed.
Preparation for winter
Cherry Hutoryanka belongs to winter-hardy varieties, it should not be wrapped up for the winter. If the tree was planted in autumn in the central or northern region, then in the first year it should be insulated.
In autumn, after harvesting, the crown of the Hutoryanka cherry is thinned out, the ground in the area around the trunk circle is loosened, watered, and then mulched.
The trunk of the tree is whitewashed to protect against rodents
Diseases and pests
Cherry Hutoryanka is unstable to coccomycosis, a fungal disease that affects the leaves of bottom trees. At the initial signs of the disease, the culture is treated with fungicides. The first time the procedure is carried out in the spring after flowering, then in the fall, after harvesting.
Cherry Farmer can be attacked by leafworms, aphids, moths. If the larvae of these insects appeared on the foliage of a tree, they are treated with chemicals or special sticky traps are installed.
Conclusion
Cherry Hutoryanka is an unpretentious variety of selection. It is intended for planting in the central and northern regions. Cherry is characterized by high frost resistance and adaptability to severe climatic conditions. The fruits of the Hutoryanka variety are suitable for fresh consumption and for processing, they are well stored, they are transported over long distances without loss of commercial qualities.