Biliary dyskinesia in adults
The main fluid produced by the liver is bile. Bile promotes better absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins, and also improves the movement of food through the intestines.

Together with a gastroenterologist, we discussed what biliary dyskinesia is in adults, what causes it, whether it is necessary to follow a diet for this disease, and what preventive measures to follow at home.

What is biliary dyskinesia

Biliary dyskinesia (JVP) is a complex of disorders of the biliary system that occurs due to a violation of the motor function of the gallbladder and bile ducts in the absence of organic changes in them.

Useful information about biliary dyskinesia

Where does it hurtin the right hypochondrium
The nature of painsharp and blunt, may radiate to the right shoulder
Other symptomsnausea, bitterness in the mouth, pruritus
Treatmentdiet, antispasmodics, choleretic, physiotherapy
Who healsgastroenterologist

Causes of biliary dyskinesia in adults

Biliary dyskinesia (DZHVP) in most cases is not an independent disease. It develops as a secondary or psychosomatic pathology.

Young people are most susceptible to this condition, most often they are women from 20 to 40 years old who have poor nutrition and an asthenic (thin) physique. The main reasons for the development of pathology are genetic predisposition and psychogenic factors.

Symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in adults

Currently, there are two types of dyskinesia. These are dyskinesia of the gallbladder and dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi.

The main manifestation of dyskinesia are attacks of biliary pain in the absence of obvious organic lesions of the biliary tract (inflammation, stones). Biliary pain is pain in the epigastric region and / or in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which fits into the following signs:

  • reaches a constant intensity and lasts ≥30 min;
  • does not occur daily, at different time intervals;
  • very intense, disturbing the normal rhythm of life or forcing you to go to the emergency department;
  • not always (<20% of pain episodes) associated with defecation;
  • decreases slightly with a change in body position, when taking antacids or inhibitors of hydrochloric acid secretion.

Regardless of the type of dyskinesia, pain is localized in the right hypochondrium.

In addition to pain symptoms, there are several other signs:

  • bitter taste in the mouth (especially in the morning);
  • loss of vitality and insomnia;
  • decreased appetite;
  • the formation of plaque on the tongue of white or yellow color;
  • itching;
  • jaundice;
  • flatulence.

In some cases, it can adversely affect male potency or the regularity of the menstrual cycle in women.

Treatment of biliary dyskinesia in adults

The disease responds well to treatment and does not require hospitalization. A treatment plan can only be drawn up by a doctor who will first determine the type of dyskinesia. From this will depend on the further strategy for solving the problem.

General recommendations for the treatment of JVP include:

  • dieting;
  • quitting alcohol and smoking;
  • compliance with the regime of work and rest;
  • sufficient exposure to fresh air, walking;
  • reduction of stressful situations.

Diagnostics

The main task of a specialist in diagnosing dyskinesia is to confirm the disease, determine the type of dyskinesia and exclude possible concomitant diseases.

After collecting an anamnesis and conducting a physical examination, a specialist can refer to the following studies:

  • blood chemistry;
  • ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs;
  • esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS).

Additionally, according to indications, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (Endoultrasound) can be prescribed.

If necessary, related specialists can be connected to the diagnostics.

Diet

In the treatment of biliary dyskinesia, diet plays the most important role. When making a diagnosis, a doctor may prescribe adherence to the principles of nutrition of dietary table No. 5 according to Pevzner. The meaning of the diet for biliary dyskinesia is to reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract and stabilize the gallbladder.

The basics of the diet for biliary dyskinesia:

  • frequent and fractional meals (5-6 times a day);
  • compliance with the drinking regime on the recommendation of a doctor (25-30 ml of water per 1 kg of weight);
  • complete rejection of fatty and fried foods;
  • exclusion of fast food and pastries;
  • limiting the intake of rich broths, sausages;
  • reduction in the diet of marinades, preservatives and spicy foods;
  • avoidance of a horizontal position and frequent tilts for 1,5-2 hours.

It is useful to include in the diet fermented milk products porridge cooked in water or milk with reduced fat content. It is useful to drink non-carbonated, heated mineral water 0,5 cups 4 times a day half an hour before meals. Fresh vegetables with poor tolerance should be replaced with heat-treated ones.

If you adhere to these principles of nutrition, discomfort is reduced by about 25-30%.

Prevention of bile ducts in adults at home

Prevention of the formation of lithogenic bile (a fluid that promotes the formation of stones and the manifestation of biliary dyskinesia) involves the elimination of factors that increase the secretion of cholesterol into bile:

  • stick to a diet and eat at least 4 times a day;
  • observe the drinking regime;
  • lead a healthy lifestyle and introduce moderate physical activity;
  • eliminate sources of stress and negative emotions;
  • observe the regime of work and rest;
  • treat underlying diseases;
  • regularly visit a doctor for preventive examinations.

Popular questions and answers

Questions regarding biliary dyskinesia, we asked nutritionist, gastroenterologist Alexandra Belodedova.

Why is biliary dyskinesia dangerous?

Timely access to a doctor and properly built tactics of examination and treatment guarantee a favorable outcome. However, if you ignore the symptoms and do not follow the recommendations of your doctor, the pathology can provoke complications:

● inflammation of the gallbladder;

● development of cholelithiasis;

● increased pain syndrome and the occurrence of hepatic colic;

● development of cholangitis.

Which doctor treats biliary dyskinesia?

The treatment of biliary dyskinesia is carried out by a gastroenterologist and a gastroenterologist-hepatologist.

Is it possible to treat biliary dyskinesia with folk remedies?

Treatment of JVP is prescribed only by a doctor based on the results of the examination and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Self-medication and untested folk remedies can lead to a deterioration in the condition and the formation of further exacerbations.

Sources:

  1. Shcherbenkov I. M. Treatment options for biliary dyskinesia // MS. 2013. №3. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vozmozhnosti-terapii-diskinezii-zhelchevyvodyaschih-putey-1
  2. Clinical recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary dyskinesia. V.T. Ivashkin, I.V. Maev, Yu.O. Shulpekova, E.K. Baranskaya, A.V. Okhlobystin, A.S. Trukhmanov, T.L. Lapina, A.A. Sheptulin First Moscow State Medical University named after I.I. THEM. Sechenov” (Sechenov University) http://gepatitnews.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/diskinezija_zhvp.pdf
  3. Poteshkina N.G., Selivanova G.B., Svanadze A.M., Krylova N.S. Possibilities of the ultrasound method for examining the biliary tract in the diagnosis of biliary dysfunction // Medical business. 2019. No. 4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vozmozhnosti-ultrazvukovogo-metoda-issledovaniya-biliarnogo-trakta-v-diagnostike-biliarnoy-disfunktsii

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