Basic arithmetic: definitions, examples

In this publication, we will consider definitions, general formulas and examples of 4 basic arithmetic (mathematical) operations with numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Addition

Addition is a mathematical operation that results in sum.

Sum (s) numbers a₁, a₂,… a_n is obtained by adding them, i.e. s = a₁ + a₂ +… + A_n.

• s – sum;
• a₁, a₂,… a_n – terms.

Addition is denoted by a special sign “+“ (plus), and the amount – “Σ“.

Example: find the sum of the numbers.

1) 3, 5 and 23.

2) 12, 25, 30, 44.

Answers:

1) 3 + 5 + 23 = 31

2) 12 + 25 + 30 + 44 = 111.

Subtraction

subtracting numbers is the inverse of addition mathematical operation, as a result of which there is difference (c). For example:

c = a₁ – b₁ – b₂ – … – b_n

• c – difference;
• a₁ – reduced;
• b₁, b₂,… b_n – deductible.

Subtraction is denoted by a special sign “–“ (minus).

Example: find the difference between the numbers.

1) 62 minus 32 and 14.

2) 100 minus 49, 21 and 6.

Answers:

1) 62 – 32 – 14 = 16.

2) 100 – 49 – 21 – 6 = 24.

Multiplication

Multiplication is an arithmetic operation that calculates composition.

Work (p) numbers a₁, a₂,… a_n is calculated by multiplying them, i.e. p = a₁ · A₂ · … · a_n.

Multiplication is denoted by special signs “·“ or “x“.

Example: find the product of numbers.

1) 3, 10 and 12.

2) 7, 1, 9 and 15.

Answers:

1) 3 · 10 · 12 = 360.

2) 7 1 9 15 = 945.

Division

Number division is the inverse of multiplication, as a result of short is calculated private (d). For example:

d = a : b

• d – private;
• a – we share;
• b – divider.

The division is indicated by special signs “:“ or “/“.

Example: find the quotient.

1) 56 is divisible by 8.

2) Divide 100 by 5, then by 2.

Answers:

1) 56 : 8 = 7.

2) 100 : 5 : 2 = 10 (100: 5 = 20, 20: 2 = 10).