The copper IUD is an Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD), also called a copper IUD. It comes in the form of a small flexible plastic frame in the shape of a “T” surrounded by copper and measures approximately 3,5 centimeters. The IUD is extended by a thread at its base.

The copper IUD is a hormone-free, long-term contraceptive – it can be worn for up to 10 years – reversible, and one of the most effective contraceptive methods available. Most women can safely wear a copper IUD, even those who have never been pregnant.

In the uterus, the presence of the IUD, considered as a foreign body, causes anatomical and biochemical changes that are harmful to sperm. The endometrium (lining of the uterus) reacts by releasing white blood cells, enzymes and prostaglandins: these reactions seem to prevent sperm from reaching the fallopian tubes. Copper IUDs also release copper ions into the fluids of the uterus and tubes, which increases the incapacitating effect on sperm. They cannot reach the egg to fertilize it. The copper IUD can also prevent an embryo from implanting in the uterine cavity.

The IUD can be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, as long as you are not pregnant.

It can also be placed after childbirth provided that the following deadlines are respected:

• Either within 48 hours of childbirth;
• Or beyond 4 weeks after childbirth.

Laying is also possible immediately after a miscarriage or abortion.

The insertion of the IUD must be performed by a gynecologist.

After a few questions about the medical history, the doctor will sometimes offer a test for sexually transmitted infections and diseases.

Laying process

The installation will then proceed according to the following steps:

• A pelvic exam: vagina, cervix and uterus;
• Cleaning of the vagina and cervix;
• The introduction of a speculum in order to insert the IUD – whose “arms” of the “T” are folded – into the uterus through the opening of the cervix using a special device – the IUD is placed gently and delicately and the “arms” are unfolded in the uterus;
• Cutting the thread after inserting the IUD so that it only protrudes about 1 cm into the vagina – the thread must remain accessible to allow easy removal of the IUD, but if it interferes during sexual intercourse, the gynecologist may cut it shorter.

In very rare cases, the size or shape of a person’s uterus makes it difficult to insert an IUD correctly. The gynecologist then offers an alternative solution: another form of IUD or other means of contraception.

Installation controls

After insertion, it is possible to check that the IUD is in place from time to time:

• Once a week for the first month and then occasionally after your period;
• Wash your hands, squat, put a finger in the vagina and touch the threads in the cervix, without pulling.

If the threads have disappeared or if they appear longer or shorter than normal, a gynecological visit is recommended.

In any case, a control visit three to six weeks after installation is recommended.

The removal of the IUD must be performed by a gynecologist.

It is fairly simple and quick: the doctor gently pulls on the thread, the arms of the IUD are folded back and the IUD slides out. In the rare cases where the IUD is not easily removed, he may use specific instruments. And in very rare cases, surgery may be necessary.

After removal, some blood flow may occur but the body will gradually return to its initial state. In addition, fertility returns to normal as soon as the IUD is removed.

The IUD is one of the best contraceptive methods available: it is over 99% effective. 

The copper IUD also works as emergency contraception. It is even the most effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Applied within 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected intercourse, it is over 99,9% effective.

This method can have some side effects, but these effects usually wear off after three to six months, depending on the woman.

After installation:

• Some cramps for several days;
• Some light bleeding for several weeks.

Other side effects:

• Periods longer and heavier than normal;
• Some bleeding or light bleeding between periods;
• Increased cramps or pain during menstruation.

The copper IUD is not recommended in the following cases:

• Suspicion of pregnancy;
• Recent childbirth: due to the risk of expulsion, the IUD must be inserted either within 48 hours of childbirth or four weeks after;
• Pelvic infection after childbirth or abortion;
• High suspicion of infection or sexually transmitted disease or other problem affecting the genitals: HIV, gonorrhea (gonorrhea), chlamydia, syphilis, condyloma, vaginosis, genital herpes, hepatitis …: it is then a question of treating the problem before the insertion of the IUD;
• Recent unusual vaginal bleeding: it is then a question of finding the cause of the bleeding before the insertion of the IUD;
• Cancer of the cervix, endometrium or ovary;
• Benign or malignant trophoblast tumor;
• Genitourinary tuberculosis.

The copper IUD should not be inserted:

• In case of allergy to copper;
• Wilson’s disease: genetic disease characterized by the toxic accumulation of copper in the body;
• A bleeding disorder that causes coagulation problems. 

Menopausal women must also remove their IUD no later than one year after the last period.

The copper IUD is one of the most effective contraceptive methods. On the other hand, it does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases or infections: a condom must be used in addition.

The copper IUD is dispensed from pharmacies on medical prescription. Its indicative public price is around 30 euros: it is reimbursed at 65% by social security.

The delivery of the IUD is free and confidential:

• For minors with social insurance or beneficiaries in pharmacy;
• For minors and uninsured social security without age requirement in the Family Planning and Education Centers (CPEF).