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Biography of Sigmund Freud
The forefather of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, from the second marriage of the Jewish textile merchant Jacob Freud. The son did not follow in his father’s footsteps. Influenced by eminent teachers, he gave preference to the medical sciences. In particular, psychology, neurology, the nature of human nature.
Sigmund spent his childhood in the Austrian city of Freiberg. When he was 3 years old, the Freud family went bankrupt and moved to Vienna. At first, the mother was engaged in the education of the son, and then the father picked up the baton. The boy took over from his father a passion for reading.
At the age of 9, Sigmund entered the gymnasium and at 17 graduated brilliantly. The guy was fond of studying literature and philosophy. At the same time, he knew many foreign languages: German, Greek, French, Spanish, Italian, English.
Sigmund with his mother Amalia (1872)
Having not yet decided on the choice of his life’s work, Sigmund entered the University of Vienna. All sorts of ridicule and attacks from the anti-Semitic student society about his origin strengthened and even hardened Sigmund’s character.
Freud’s philosophy
During his life, the doctor of medicine wrote and published many scientific works. The complete collection of his works is 24 volumes. The first scientific works were written by Sigmund during his student years under the guidance of teachers. At first, these were works in zoology, then in neurology, anatomy.
The young medical doctor hoped to connect his life with scientific research. Due to the lack of livelihood and on the advice of his curator, Brücke left the institute laboratory and took up practical medicine.
Sigmund decided to master practical skills from surgery, but quickly lost interest in it. But neuralgia turned out to be quite a fascinating business, especially in the field of diagnosis and treatment of infantile paralysis.
After writing several papers, Freud decided to focus on psychiatry. Working under Theodor Meiner, Sigmund wrote several articles on comparative histology and anatomy.
After reading the works of one of the German scientists on the properties of cocaine (increases endurance, reduces fatigue), he decides to test it for himself.
After the “successful” tests were carried out, the article “About the cook” was published. But this work and further research drew a wave of criticism. Subsequently, several more works were written on this topic.
- 1885 – Freud went to Paris to study the basics of hypnosis with the psychiatrist Charcot;
- 1886 Sigmund studied childhood illnesses in Berlin. Dissatisfaction with the results of the use of hypnosis led to the technique of “speaking” thoughts and associations – the beginning of the creation of psychoanalysis. The book “Investigation of Hysteria” – became the first scientific work;
- 1890 – The book “The Interpretation of Dreams” was published. Freud wrote it on the basis of his own dreams and considered it his main achievement in life;
- 1902 – The Wednesday Psychological Society began its activity. The club was attended by friends and former patients of the doctor.
Over time, the members of the club were divided into two camps. The breakaway part was led by Alfred Adler, who was critical of some of Freud’s theories. Even his closest associate, Carl Jung, left his friend because of insoluble differences.
Sigmund Freud: personal life
Freud made the decision to leave scientific work and go to practice out of love. Martha Bernays was from a Jewish family. But he married only in 1886 after he returned from Paris and Berlin. Martha gave birth to six children.
Sigmund and Martha
In 1923, Sigmund was diagnosed with cancer of the palate. He underwent 32 operations, the result of which was the partial removal of the jaw. After that, Freud no longer lectured to students.
In 1933, the National Socialists came to power, led by Adolf Hitler. He passed a number of laws against Jews. Banned books that contradicted Nazi ideology, including Freud’s books.
In 1938, after the annexation of Austria to Germany, the position of the scientist became much more complicated. After the arrest of his daughter Anna, Freud decided to leave the country and go to England. But the progressive disease did not allow the professor of medicine to move to America, at the request of his friend, who held a high government position.
Severe pains forced him to ask Dr. Max Schur to inject him with a lethal dose of morphine. The parent of psychoanalysis died on September 23, 1939. The ashes of the scientist and his wife are kept in the Ernest George Museum in Golders Green (London). His zodiac sign is Taurus, height 1,72 m.
Sigmund Freud: biography (video)
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