A certain population is at greater risk of contracting pneumonia, while certain factors increase the risk and can be avoided. 

People at risk

• The children and especially young children. The risk increases more in those who are exposed to second-hand smoke.
• The elderly especially if they live in a retirement home.
• People with chronic respiratory disease (asthma, emphysema, COPD, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis).
• People with a chronic disease that weakens the immune system, such as HIV / AIDS infection, cancer, or diabetes.
• People who receive immunosuppressive therapy or corticosteroid therapy are also at risk of developing opportunistic pneumonia.
• People who have just had a respiratory infection, like the flu.
• The people hospitalized, especially in an intensive care unit.
• People exposed to toxic chemicals in the course of their work (eg varnishes or paint thinners), bird breeders, workers in the making or processing of wool, malt and cheese.
• Populations indigenous in Canada and Alaska are at greater risk of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Risk pactors

• Smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke
• Alcohol abuse
• Drug use
• Unsanitary and overcrowded housing