Contents
General description of the disease
Foot and mouth disease is an acute viral anthropozoonotic disease that affects the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, as well as the skin near the elbow and between the fingers.
Causative agent – picornavirus, which infects artiodactyl animals for agricultural purposes (goats, pigs, cows, bulls, sheep, horses). In rare cases, cats, dogs, camels, birds get sick. In animals with this disease, a rash is observed on the mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, on the lips, tongue, udder, in the mouth, around the horns and in the interdigital space. The average duration of the course of the disease is about two weeks.
Pathways of transmission from animals to humans: the use of raw milk from a sick animal and sour milk products made from it, in rare cases through meat (meaning meat dishes cooked with improper heat treatment and meat with blood), agricultural workers can be infected from the animal directly: through contact when milking, cleaning the barn (inhaling fecal vapors), during slaughtering, treatment, or routine care.
The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person in any way. Children are most at risk.
Signs of foot and mouth disease:
- a sudden increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees;
- muscle, headaches;
- chills;
- at the end of the first day after infection, the patient begins to feel a strong burning sensation in the mouth;
- strong salivation;
- red and inflamed conjunctiva;
- diarrhea;
- cutting pains and tingling sensations when passing urine;
- swelling of the nose, cheeks;
- enlarged lymph nodes that hurt on palpation;
- the appearance of small bubbles in the mouth, nose, between the fingers with a transparent content, which becomes cloudy over time; after a few days, the bubbles burst, in the place of which erosion appears (they tend to grow together, which is why large erosive areas appear, and the vagina and urethra can also be affected).
If the course of the disease is not complicated by anything and the correct treatment is carried out, then the ulcers begin to heal after 7 days. There are severe forms of the disease lasting up to two months with repeated rashes.
Useful foods for foot and mouth disease
During the course of the disease, due to difficult and painful swallowing, the patient must be given a large amount of drink and semi-liquid food that is easily digested. The servings should be small and the number of meals should be at least five.
If necessary, the patient is fed through a tube. Products should be gentle on mucous membranes. Each time, after the patient has eaten, he needs to rinse his mouth with a solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide.
Traditional medicine for foot and mouth disease
First of all, in the treatment of foot and mouth disease, traditional medicine provides for the disinfection of the oral cavity. To do this, rinse it with chamomile broth. To prepare it, you need half a tablespoon of chamomile flowers (pre-dried) and a glass of hot water, which you need to pour over the medicinal plant. Brew until the broth reaches room temperature (boiling water will only aggravate the situation – it will burn all the mucous membrane). You need to gargle your throat 5-6 times a day. You can also gargle with just warm water and rivanol solution (dosage 1 to 1000).
During the day, you need to drink two teaspoons of water with lime (2 times). To prepare it, you need to dilute 50 grams of lime in half liters of warm water, leave to infuse for a day. After 24 hours, it is necessary to remove the appeared film from the surface of the water. Filter.
The bubbles that appear on the skin must be lubricated with low-fat sour cream. It is worth remembering that this method can only be used with closed bubbles. When they are opened, they cannot be processed by anything. In this case, you need to take a sterile bandage, make a napkin out of it, moisten it in warm boiled water and wipe off the opened bubbles. After that, put a dry sterile bandage or napkin on each ulcer. This is done so that the ulcers do not grow in size.
Also, unopened bubbles can be wiped with a decoction of calendula (a tablespoon of dried calendula inflorescences is taken for one glass of boiling water. Bubbles can be processed not only on the skin, but also formed on the lips and nose.
For faster drying and healing of ulcers, you can use the sun’s rays.
During the course of foot and mouth disease, the patient has a general intoxication of the body. To alleviate the patient’s well-being, he needs to drink abundantly. Due to the high temperature, not only a large amount of liquid is lost, but also a lot of salt comes out. Therefore, to replenish the water-salt balance for 200 milliliters of warm water, you need to add ¼ teaspoon of salt. The patient needs to drink 1 liter of salt water and a liter of clean boiled water per day.
If the farm has an animal sick with foot and mouth disease, its tongue is smeared with tar ointment.
Dangerous and harmful foods for foot and mouth disease
- fatty, hard, salty, spicy, dry, smoked food;
- canned food;
- spices and seasonings;
- alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
- drinks, the temperature of which exceeds 60 degrees.
All of these products irritate the mucous membranes.
Attention!
The administration is not responsible for any attempt to use the information provided, and does not guarantee that it will not harm you personally. The materials cannot be used to prescribe treatment and make a diagnosis. Always consult your specialist doctor!