GABRB3 variants play a role not only in the development of Asperger’s syndrome, but are also associated with decreased levels of empathy in part of the general population, according to a study published in Molecular Autism.
Scientists from the University of Cambridge studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GABRB3 gene in 530 people, including 118 with Asperger’s syndrome. The GABRB3 gene controls the action of the GABA neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which regulates the mechanisms that stimulate and inhibit the activity of nerve cells.
Researchers found that three of the 45 GABRB3 SNPs tested were significantly more common in people with Asperger’s syndrome. Two other genetic variants within the same gene were found in people who scored low on the empathy test (regardless of the presence of Asperger’s syndrome).
Asperger syndrome is characterized by difficulties in interpersonal contacts, a tendency to narrow, sometimes obsessive interests, reluctance to accept changes, with a high level of intelligence and linguistic competence. Despite many differences, Asperger’s syndrome is sometimes referred to as a milder form of autism.
Research should focus on locating the site of expression of this gene in the brain of autistic people and its interaction with other genetic and non-genetic factors that cause Asperger’s syndrome, says the author of the study, Prof. Simon Baron-Cohen.
Although the GABRB3 gene is not the only gene influencing the development of Asperger syndrome and the level of empathy, we are sure that we have identified one of the key players – adds Varun Warrier, the research co-leader (PAP).
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