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Hello dear blog readers! The articulation of speech consists of movements and various states of the organs of speech, which ensures the pronunciation of sounds. And all in order to communicate, share thoughts, feelings and ideas. To be understood by other people, heard. And today I propose to consider what a difficult process it is, as well as what major speech disorders exist.
Why develop?
Usually, HR managers, managers and other persons who hire employees, already from a telephone conversation, understand whether a candidate is suitable for them or not. Do you know how they define it? By voice, diction, tempo and manner of speaking.
Therefore, those individuals who «swallow» words or generally do not speak very clearly, lose significantly to those who do not have such difficulties.
Imagine a lecturer, a speaker who will speak indistinctly and uncertainly during his speech. Do you think he will receive the respect and recognition of the audience? Most likely, half of them will leave the room before the end of the lecture, and the rest will go about their business.
It is impossible to hold attention for a long time on a person who does not know how to present information correctly. Even if it is very interesting.
How is sound born?
At the bottom of the pharynx we have the glottis, which smoothly passes into the trachea. So, sound appears when air passes between the vocal cords, they begin to vibrate, which causes the size of the glottis to change. At the moment when a person pronounces sonorous sounds, it closes, and when deaf ones, on the contrary, it diverges.
If you often strain the ligaments, they will begin to thicken. Why the sounds will cease to be sonorous, high. It’s like during training, muscles grow and a person becomes more powerful, stronger, and not graceful. So the voice sounds low, hoarse.
They can even “fail” from overvoltage, as nodes appear, which are also called “corns”. These nodes prevent the ligaments from vibrating, and the only way to get rid of them is through surgery.
That’s why singers, actors and public speakers protect their voices from overexertion. Once they lose it, it will be very difficult to get it back. At least the way it used to sound.
Most of them try to use the chest resonator in everyday conversation. That is, to speak not with the help of the throat, but to give out the words «from the thoracic region.»
Organs responsible for speech
- Brain
It is he who sends impulses to the rest of the body, which are directly responsible for the ability to speak. Why do we not have to strain and control the process of the formation of sounds, this happens on a subconscious level, like breathing, blinking …
- Breathe-helping machine
The lungs, bronchi, trachea, diaphragm, and thorax provide the airflow needed to vibrate the ligaments.
- Directly, the organs of speech. Can be active and passive.
Active ones include:
- Larynx, consisting of cartilage and muscle folds. The space in it is called the glottis.
- Pharynx. It has the ability to expand and contract.
- Language. It is divided into three parts — front, middle and back.
- Lips. With the help of lip movements, we can pronounce words more clearly.
- Uvula. This is the palatine uvula, which is located above the root of the tongue.
The passive ones are:
- Teeth.
- Solid sky.
- Nasal cavity.
Good hearing is important in the formation of beautiful speech. If a person does not hear how the words are pronounced, he will not be able to repeat them. Agree, it is difficult to do something right without knowing what exactly is called right.
That is why speech therapists recommend with young children not to “lisp”, but to pronounce words well and clearly. Then they will not distort them.
The main reasons for the wrong sound
Incorrect position of organs
This refers not to birth defects, but directly to the incorrect position of the organs that are involved in the process of sound formation. For example, the tongue is tense at the moment when it should be relaxed, or the wrong position is set, which is necessary.
You should also tense and relax your lips in a timely manner. In general, it is important to pay attention to the pronunciation, which may seem correct, but actually create a barrier in the process of communication.
Relying only on the vocal cords
As mentioned at the beginning, it is important to be able to talk using chest resonators. That is, the bronchi and trachea. Despite the fact that “talking from the chest” seems very difficult, in fact, learning how to use this resonator is not difficult at all. Especially when compared to head resonators. Because not everyone is able to get into the places located in the head (frontal and maxillary cavities), where the sound multiplies, becomes louder and stronger.
Laziness
We do not always notice how lazy we are in the course of a conversation. Articulation cannot be performed successfully when we do not really open our mouth, do not move the jaw, and actively. Most often, a person uses only the lips. And this, as you already understand, is very little.
Sometimes excessive fatigue or illness affects articulation, when there is simply not enough strength to open the mouth wide, also involving the facial nerves.
Classification of disorders
They arise for various reasons. Basically, they are inherited, or in cases where the mother during pregnancy took drugs and other substances that are dangerous to the health of the child. Complications during childbirth or in case of their prematurity. Also, sometimes stress makes itself felt, provoking anomalies in verbal communication. For example, after a severe fright and other emotional upheavals, a person may begin to stutter, or stop talking altogether.
So, the main types of disorders:
Dysarthria
Occur when the muscles of the speech apparatus are damaged. A person says that his mouth is “full”, sometimes nasal or inarticulate words are manifested. Muscles are either too tense, which leads to rapid fatigue, or relaxed. With relaxation, there is also increased salivation.
Dislalii
Pronunciation disorder. We often observe it in children, since their speech organs are not yet fully formed, which is why it is not possible to pronounce words correctly. They also occur due to insufficiently good hearing. A person does not recognize sounds, which is why their reproduction becomes impossible.
Dysglosia
Defects in the building. Distinguish:
- Labial. For example, a cleft lip, in which the tissues of the nasal cavity and upper jaw simply did not grow together during the prenatal period. Accordingly, it is difficult to articulate when there is a cleft between the lip and nose.
- Dental. Such eye-catching gaps between the teeth bring a lot of difficulties to their owner. The tip of the tongue falls when pronouncing «D», «L», «N», «T». It also happens when the teeth grow in the wrong position, which also interferes with the communication process.
- Maxillary. When the shape of the jaw is changed, upper, lower or both at once.
- Language. An inconvenience can bring too large a tongue, or its shortened frenulum. With paralysis, it is also difficult to pronounce words.
- Palatine. When there is a cleft in the palate.
- Nasal. Remember how your words sound when you have a cold?
Dysphemia
Occurs when ideomotor brain coordination is impaired. Features are that speech is often repeated, interrupted. We observe dysphemia in stuttering.
Aphasia
They appear at absolutely any age, causing violations, or a complete absence of speech that was previously formed. A person may not only experience difficulty in reproducing words, but may not even understand what is being said to him. Stop reading, writing and even remembering names.
Dyslexia
When a person is simply unable to learn to read and write. She may even be considered stupid, narrow-minded, but in fact it is not. The world knows many successful, developed and famous people who, with their work and perseverance, were able to achieve what they wanted. For example, Tom Cruise, Keira Knightley, Albert Einstein, Winston Churchill, Quentin Tarantino and so on suffered from dyslexia.
Recommendation
How to develop your diction, as well as the most effective articulation exercises, we examined in this article.
Completion
Beautifully delivered speech, correct diction is not an innate ability. This is a skill that every person can develop if the physiological position of the organs involved in speech is not disturbed. So good luck to you, try and you will succeed!
We also recommend taking a brain test.
The material was prepared by a psychologist, Gestalt therapist, Zhuravina Alina