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All flowers are beautiful in their own way, but one stands out among them, which has been called the “queen of the garden” for many centuries. Someone may not love her, but she does not leave anyone indifferent. The rose is a fragrant beauty that overshadows all other flowers in the flower bed with its splendor. In the article we will tell the history of occurrence, types of roses and which varieties to start with.
Not all roses are capricious in care, but this does not mean that this beautiful flower grows like grass. Each variety requires its own, individual care. Only grass grows in any conditions. But the rose, too, at first grew in the wild. But first things first.
Origin
The surprising thing is that roses themselves are flowers that do not belong to any particular species or genus. This is the collective name for all species and flowers of the rosehip genus. It is from the wild rose that all other roses originated. Some varieties arose with the help of natural selection, and those growing in parks and flower beds – by the selection method. Probably, not a single plant aroused such keen interest that scientists tried to breed as many varieties as possible.
The first to mention the unearthly beauty of this plant was the philosopher and botanist of Ancient Greece – Theophrastus. He made a description of wild and garden plants, described the process of caring for roses and cultivation. Many myths and legends around the world are associated with the rose. Even the Bible mentions the name “Jericho rose”, although it has nothing to do with the flower we know.
The general history of the origin of an amazing flower has 5000 years. The true homeland of the plant is still unknown. Some data say it is China, others mention Persia. Where the rose comes from – scientists have not come to a consensus.
Naturally, such a beautiful flower could not go unnoticed. The variety of flower forms and heady aroma attracted connoisseurs of beauty. Since ancient times, women of fashion in ancient Egypt have taken baths with rose petals. And the ancient Romans first began to cultivate it. The Greeks began to grow the rose from the Bronze Age.
If you ask yourself the question “what is a rose” in terms of etymology, then the name refers us to the Latin language. The modern Russian language contains a lot of borrowed words. But the rose in Latin (rosa) is also not an independent word, but comes from the ancient Greek language, from the word “rhodon” – “rose tree”.
If you are looking for an answer to the question: is a rose a shrub or a herb, then you need to turn to the botanical description, or at least look at Wikipedia. Some roses really look like a bush, others look like straight flowers. The rose belongs to the genus Rosehip. In appearance, the wild rose is a deciduous shrub. So roses are also shrubs.
Types
Varieties of roses include about 30 thousand different thorny and non-thorn flowers. But as for the species, you need to refer to several data. One of the answers is given by the World Federation (from 1976). According to her, the types of roses are divided into 3 categories:
- Wild, which, in turn, are divided into climbing and creeping. They are characterized by a single flowering, not capricious care, height from 30 cm to 2 meters. These are all plants of the Rosehip genus.
- Vintage roses, which are divided into park and garden. They were cultivated until 1867. They are distinguished by good immunity, bright aroma and repeated flowering.
- Modern – These are varieties bred artificially after 1867. They are divided into several subgroups: climbing, standard (shrub), hybrid tea, musk, etc. Types of roses by subgroups and their differences will be described below.
The classification of roses at the present time is based on the principle of division into subgroups. The main features are taken into account, and not the origin by species. There is no specific answer to the question: how many types of roses exist? The World Federation speaks of three. If we talk about subgroups, then some data read 9, 12, or even all 15 subgroups. With all this, there are certain criteria for separation:
- According to the degree of roughness.
- In the form of a flower and a bush.
- By type of growth.
- By flowering.
- By appointment.
Brief specific description of the plant: the rose belongs to the rose family, the rosehip genus. It is a perennial herb, shrub type, with or without thorns. Roses are unusual both in their shape and color, and in aroma. How many varieties of roses exist: about 30 thousand. But the number is changing rapidly.
What are roses in groups:
- Climbing: bred in Japan, have long and flexible stems. For the normal growth of the plant, support is required. Characteristic features: small flower size, single flowering and almost no fragrance.
- Park: descended from the domesticated rosehip. They are distinguished by a variety of flower shapes and long and lush flowering.
- Wine: roses with a very pleasant aroma and continuous flowering. Another name for the group is standard. Differ in strong root system, easy formation. Shrubs, in turn, are divided into 3 classifications: semi-climbing – bush height up to 3 m, climbing – up to 6 meters curly – the total length of the bush can reach up to 15 m, the bushes are frost-resistant. Flowering – long and plentiful, from summer to the first frost. An example of a scrub rose variety: Parkland. It features large flowers of beautiful shape, a variety of colors and resistance to temperatures.
- Multiflora. There is another name – Patio. Mainly used in garden areas. Differ in low growth and long flowering.
- Grandiflora. Relate to park roses. Tall rosewood of hybrid origin. Symptoms: resistance to frost and fungus, strong aroma.
- Hybrid tea. garden rose. Flowers in this group are often supplied to flower shops. Differs in low bushes, strong stalks and resistance to frosts.
- Floribunda. Appeared in the early 20s. The height of the bush varies from 0,5 m to 1,5 m. It blooms all summer and autumn.
- Climbers. Garden roses. Very popular among gardeners due to frost resistance and repeated flowering. This is a plant with a powerful bush and flexible 5-meter shoots.
- Ground cover. They belong to the creeping species. The height is small, but the length of the shoots can reach up to 3 meters. The shoots create a kind of carpet of roses. They differ in the unusual shape of the flower and frost resistance.
- Мminiature (potted). Roses suitable for small flower beds or for planting at home. Small shrubs with dark green leaves. Available with or without spikes. They bloom all summer and autumn.
- English Very fragrant plants of hybrid origin. They are divided into 2 classifications: bush and climbing. Powerful root system.
- Canadian. Roses that are popular all over the world. These are flowers of various shapes, from light to dark red. Flowering: early spring and late autumn. It does not need additional shelter for the winter.
- Musk. During flowering, a spicy musky aroma comes from the flowers. Obtained in a hybrid way. The singularity of the species lies in the shape of the petals. The height of the bush is up to 2 meters. Flowers are used in floristry and decoration.
- Polyanthus. Suitable for those who do not like spikes. In roses of this species, they are almost absent. Bushes are low, with small flowers. Planted in any type of soil. But there is one unpleasant feature: weak resistance to disease.
- Renovation. Characterized by repeated flowering. Appeared in the 40s of the last century in France. They have external attractiveness, but are capricious and often suffer from diseases.
Some sources additionally give groups:
- Bicolor.
- Fragrant.
- Rare.
Appearance and structure
The rose is an interesting plant in itself. A lot of them have thorns. The presence of thorns is an echo of the past, when the rose grew in the wild and was not yet domesticated. Not many people know, but a rose has fruits in addition to flowers. Of course, wild rose is used all over the world, but domesticated roses are not far behind. For example, the fruits of cinnamon rose are used for compote, jam or jam.
Appearance
When you first see a plant, the first thing that catches your eye is the flowers and thorns. And what does a rose look like if we consider it in more detail: either a shrub or a creeping liana with flowers. The main life form of a rose is a shrub.
Structure
A cultivated plant has its own botanical features:
- Bush: narrow or spreading.
- Height: depends on the type. Tea-hybrid – up to 90 cm; polyanthus – up to 45 cm; potted – up to 35 cm, etc.
- Branches: perennial, two types: basic and with complete growth.
- Shoots: annuals.
- Leaves: elongated or pointed shape.
- Stem: height from 10 to 80 cm in length, in climbing ones up to 5 meters long.
- Flower: from 1,8 to 18 cm in diameter.
- Petals: from 5 to 125. How many petals a rose has depends on the degree of doubleness.
- Root type: rod. Diameter is about 3 cm.
When they bloom
There is no single answer to the question of when roses bloom. It depends on the variety. Some roses bloom in spring and summer, others from early spring to autumn, and others from summer until the first frost.
Lifespan
The rose is a perennial plant and, with proper care, will delight with lush flowering for many years. Life expectancy depends on the variety, frost resistance and other factors. Wild rose hips tend to live longer.
How much a rose grows depends on the place of growth and conditions. If after transplantation, then a year. It takes about 3 years to get a lush bush.
Curly varieties live up to 100 years, obtained by grafting – up to 10, growing with their own roots – about 15. The average life of a rose is 20-25 years.
What color are
If you do not know what color roses are, you need to turn to Wikipedia. There is a standard color combination. There are interspersed with other colors. Usually there are no more than 2, but there are multi-colored roses, with admixtures of several colors. Color spectrum:
- White.
- Yellow.
- Red.
- Pink.
- Orange.
- Purple.
- Brown.
- Multicolored.
They say that there is a black or dark blue rose – this is a fake. To obtain this color, a dye is added. In nature, black and blue roses do not exist.
Care
How to care for roses so that they delight with their beauty for a long time? It is necessary to follow simple rules: water regularly, provide light and good dressings. Roses are planted with the onset of positive temperatures.
In order for the plant to take root, it must be watered abundantly every day. It is advisable to do this either in the early morning or late evening, when there is no active sun. Otherwise, burns will appear on the leaves. When the rose takes root, watering is reduced to two times a week.
Additional fertilizing – periodic. View – Organics and minerals.
Pruning: if a rose is planted in the spring, then pruning is done before planting. With the onset of summer, the buds are removed. The leaves must not be touched. In summer, in addition to watering, you need to loosen, weed and mulch the plant. Do not forget about the stimulation of flowering.
In autumn, the rose needs to be prepared for wintering:
- reduce watering;
- remove loosening;
- cut off unripe shoots;
- prepare a shelter with protection against rodents.
The best varieties for a private garden
Almost every summer resident, in addition to vegetables and trees, has roses on the plot. And they shouldn’t be in last place. Moreover, many of them get along well with other flowers, such as asters and peonies. Roses in the country mean that the owner loves his garden and knows how to care for plants.
Growing roses is not easy. Beginners can not immediately grow a capricious plant. Fortunately, there are many varieties that are unpretentious and will please any gardener. What are the best roses for a private garden:
- Gloria Some. Type – tea-hybrid. Differs in dense and lush flowering. The flowers are beautiful, yellowish. Flowering – repeated, in one season (summer). Immunity is average. Requires wintering.
Rosa Gloria Dei - Super Star. View – tea-hybrid garden rose. Lush flowering with a sweet bright aroma. Long flowering – from summer to frost. Frost-resistant, with strong immunity. Flowers are red coral.
Rose Super Star - Tornado. View – park rose. It blooms for a long time, from early June until frost. Color – red. The aroma is spicy, long-lasting color.
Rosa floribunda Tornado
Roses for beginners
Every novice gardener probably wants to grow his own rose, which can be proud of. But where to start and how to choose? When choosing, you should rely on 3 criteria: frost resistance, flowering season and immunity. Otherwise, any mistake will provoke the death of the plant. Therefore, it is necessary to start with unpretentious. The best roses for beginners:
- Rhapsody in Blue. Type — floribunda. Features: increased frost resistance, strong immunity. Flowering – one season (summer). Flowers – purplish purple.
- Heavenly Night. Species – floribunda. Winter hardy and strong. Bright purple flowers with a fruity scent.
- Golden Showers. View – climbing. Very popular with all gardeners. Frost and disease resistant. Flowering – in summer, continuous.
- Vanessa Bell. A meter long English rose with lemon yellow flowers. Differs in continuous flowering.
- Heidelberg. A goblet red rose. Can be grown as a scrub or climber. She is not afraid of illness and frost.
Conclusion
The rose is the queen of the flower world, striking in its variety of shapes and colors. And the aroma will conquer any connoisseur of beauty.