What does black breast look like

Milk mushrooms have been harvested in the forests since the time of Kievan Rus. In the same period of time, they got their name because of the characteristics of growth. The photo and description of the black mushroom indicate that it grows in groups. The mushroom is valued for its palatability and ease of harvesting. If a clearing is found, then a whole basket can be filled on it.

Black mushroom mushroom: photo and description

An experienced mushroom picker knows all the edible and poisonous mushrooms in his region. And beginners will need time to correctly recognize which mycelium he came across. This is a conditionally edible mushroom belonging to the genus Mlechnik and the Russula family. He also received the names “chernushka”, “gypsies”.

What does a black breast look like: photo and description

It grows upright and in small groups. Appearance well shows a photo of a black mushroom mushroom. He is recognized by:

1. Hat. Correctly rounded in diameter from 7 to 15, less often 20 cm. Funnel-shaped with edges slightly curved inward and straightening in old mushrooms. It is dark olive or dark yellow in color. Painted unevenly. In the center of the funnel is always a couple of tones darker. Concentric circles of color transition may be visible. At high humidity it becomes slimy and sticky, smooth.
2. leg. The height is from 3 to 8 cm, and the thickness is 1,5-3 cm. It tapers slightly downward. The color is uniform whitish. With age, a cavity appears inside.
3. Plates. The inside of the cap is occupied by thin white forked plates. They are tight to the leg.
4. pulp. On the cut quickly turns gray. When fresh, white, dense, but crumbles easily. Old mushrooms can be eaten by worms. Contains white juice with a pungent taste.

Varieties of black mushrooms

There are several similar species in the forests:

1. Real – a very tasty mushroom with a fleshy white hat. Along the edges of the fringe, the hat may have a yellowish tint or red spots. It grows near birches and lindens in deciduous forests.
2. Aspen – an edible mushroom that settles near aspens, poplars. It has a white cap and stem, and the plates are pinkish. Occurs very rarely.
3. Yellow – tasty, is a double of a real mushroom. It is distinguished by small dots on the hats and a bright golden color. Chooses coniferous and fir forests for growth.
4. Oak – an edible mushroom with yellowish caps on a white, even leg. They grow in thickets of hazel and oak forests.
5. Dry or white – fragrant russula with a white-cream hat and brown stains. It occurs in mixed forests, birch and oak groves.

Mushrooms that look like black mushrooms

The Mlechnikov family includes several types of mushrooms, they all differ in color, so it is very difficult to confuse them with each other. The most similar to him is a black boot. But it’s not that dark. It is important to distinguish a black mushroom from a lactic or other double, or a false mushroom, so as not to collect too much and not put health at risk.

The following similar mushrooms can be found in the forest:

1. Peppery – looks like a mushroom and grows in the same forests, but has a white hat. White juice has a pronounced peppery taste. It is used only in salt form and after prolonged soaking. Dried, it is used as a condiment.
2. Camphor – grows in conifers among moss. It has a small hat up to 5-6 cm reddish-brown. The stem and plates are pinkish. If it is broken, a strong smell of sweet clover or camphor will appear.
3. violinist – I took a fancy to birch groves and oak forests. Hat up to 25 cm in diameter white. The stem is short, almost completely hidden in the ground. Distinguishes hairiness on the hat. Can be eaten after a long soak.
4. milky golden – has a hat of yellow-red color, found in mixed and coniferous forests. The pulp is creamy. Use after soaking only as pickles or in a marinade.

How to distinguish black milk from other mushrooms

Mushroom pickers notice that poisonous mushrooms eventually mimic their edible counterparts. Poisonings are becoming more frequent, so it is very important to be able to recognize a poisonous mushroom. Most often, mushroom pickers try to distinguish between a black mushroom or a pig, a false fellow.

An edible mushroom can be identified by three signs:

1. They only grow straight.
2. The plates are evenly attached to the leg.
3. Plates are only light in color.

The most difficult thing is to distinguish it from poisonous counterparts. Dangerous mushrooms look like this:

1. Pig, recognized as dangerous due to its tendency to accumulate toxic substances in large quantities, often grows near mushroom mycelium. It is distinguished by a larger cap diameter of up to 20 cm. It is flatter and convex in shape with a curved edge. The color is predominantly yellow-brown with a rare deviation towards an olive tone. The leg tapers slightly and is shifted to the side, up to 9 cm long. The flesh has a brown tint. The plates run down the stem and turn brown when touched.
2. False black mushroom The photo will help you see the difference. The cap diameter is up to 12 cm, it is fleshy and dense, it may have a small tubercle. As the fungus grows, its cap becomes exposed. The color is reddish or dirty pink. The plates are beige with a pink or orange tint. The leg becomes hollow as it grows. The flesh is yellow with a red tinge.

Where do black mushrooms grow

The mushroom picker lives in symbiosis with the roots of birches and other higher plants. They prefer to grow in birch groves, spruce forests and mixed forests. From the photo in the forest, black milk mushrooms are not easy to find. They nest in large groups on grass or moss litter. They are found along old forest roads, on clearings, mountain slopes. Choose well-lit places.

Blend well with the environment. They can be covered from above with fallen leaves, earth and blades of grass.

Black mushroom harvest season

The first mushrooms are harvested in July. And the last – in mid-October, when the first frosts will be. Most massively they grow in the period of August-September.

Collect black mushrooms after light rains. At other times, old worm mushrooms can be found. After heavy rain, it is also not recommended to collect them, as they are less tasty. They are placed in a basket, carefully cutting off so as not to damage the mycelium. You can not ram, as they are brittle and fragile.

Edible black mushroom or not

Research scientists have determined that the composition contains necatorine – a toxic mutagen. Its concentration in the raw product is up to 20 mg/kg. Heat treatment destroys the substance by 75%. For this reason, there is a question: is the black breast edible. Some sources state that it should not be eaten.

There are no signs of poisoning. It is believed that necatorine accumulates in the body and can act for a long time. However, there are studies that have not confirmed the mutagenicity of necatorine and have not recognized this substance as harmful.

Black mushroom: benefit and harm

Regular consumption of mushrooms is beneficial for the body. According to observations and studies, the beneficial properties of black mushrooms are as follows:

1. Anti-inflammatory effect. It is present in a salty product as a result of fermentation processes. In the treatment of purulent inflammation, it is used 3 times a week.
2. Treatment and prevention of liver diseases, including kidney stones.
3. Source of nutrients for recovery after illness.
4. When depleted, it quickly replenishes the energy reserves of the body.
5. Calming effect on the nervous system due to the increased content of vitamin B. It is eaten as a cure for depression, prevention of nervous breakdowns, mood swings.
6. Improve skin and hair health with vitamin D.
7. The benefit of black mushrooms is that it is a source of protein, there is more of it in the dried product than in meat.
8. The amount of calcium is about the same as in prunes and raisins.
9. Inhibits the spread of tuberculosis bacillus.
10. Psilocin is used to treat alcoholism and memory loss.
11. Salted milk mushrooms stimulate the cleaning of blood vessels, have an anti-sclerotic effect.
12. Prevention of diabetes and help in the fight against excess weight.

The harm from the black mushroom lies in poisoning. It can be caused by:

1. The use of blackberries in a very large amount.
2. Errors in the preparation of dishes, the ingress of microorganisms into conservation.
3. Diseases of the stomach. Since mushrooms are heavy food, it should not load a sick stomach and intestines.
4. Picking mushrooms in ecologically polluted places. The breast, like a sponge, absorbs and accumulates radioactive elements, heavy metals and other chemical compounds. Mushrooms collected during the dry season are especially dangerous.

It is worth trying this dish carefully for people with allergies.

Is it possible to eat black mushroom

Nigella is classified as conditionally edible due to the presence of caustic juice, which comes out of the pulp by prolonged soaking. The benefits of black mushrooms are explained by their composition. They have a lot of carbohydrates, protein, fiber, vitamins C, D, PP, B1 and B2, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sodium.

Which milk mushrooms are tastier: black or white

The white mushroom differs in the white color of the cap from the black. This mushroom belongs to the first category – edible. They differ in taste:

• white is sharper and more tart, while black is watery;
• when salting, black gives more juice, and brine is added to white;
• black requires more spices;
• white is harder to clean and cook.

To decide which mushroom is tastier, you need to try it. Those who know how to properly cook milk mushrooms eat both.

How to handle black mushrooms

Despite the fact that milk mushrooms are very tasty, they require careful processing and preparation before eating. If you skip the preparatory measures, eating the mushroom will not taste good.

How to clean black mushrooms

Because of the fragility, clean carefully. Freshly harvested black milk mushrooms are washed under water, thoroughly washing off adhering grass, earth, sand from the hats. These inclusions will spoil any dish. A large mushroom can be cut into several parts. Mushrooms are sorted for the presence of rot and worms. Such a product is rejected.

How much to soak black milk mushrooms

They refer the black mushroom to the milkers. It contains a bitter and unpleasant juice. You can remove it from the fungus by soaking it. Ideally, they should be soaked for 3 days before cooking. The harvested crop is washed under running water, then left in cold water. It is regularly changed, about 3 times a day. So harmful substances are removed faster. After the procedure, the water is allowed to drain and the mushrooms are dried. Before frying, the soaking time can be reduced to 2 days.

How much to cook black mushrooms

Before frying, the product is boiled. Usually only hats are used in the recipe. After washing and soaking, it is enough to cook the black mushroom for 5 minutes after boiling, changing the water twice. After the water has drained and the mushrooms have cooled, the black mushroom can be eaten or cooked in any other way.

What to cook from black mushrooms

The mushroom has a high taste. With it, culinary specialists offer many recipes, but marinating remains the main one. Heat treatment allows you to eat black mushrooms without fear of poisoning.

In addition to the marinade, they, like all agaric mushrooms, are suitable for hot or cold pickling, canning, and cooking second courses. Freshly picked mushrooms are fried and eaten immediately. You can cook soup. The lack of species in the long soaking process, which stretches the process of their preparation for at least 2 days.

Conclusion

The photo and description of the black mushroom indicate that this is a tasty mushroom, well suited for marinades and salting. It always grows in a heap, but hides well. It is enough to find one clearing to completely fill the basket. It is difficult to confuse it with other mushrooms and milk mushrooms due to the dark color of the cap. Requires mandatory soaking to get rid of bitterness.