What do the eyes suffer from?

In the case of dry eye, the symptoms are caused by impaired production of tears. This contributes to the drying out of the conjunctiva and the cornea. A sick person may feel the feeling of dryness not only in relation to the conjunctiva, but also on the mucosa of the nose and throat. Dryness may also be accompanied by itching and burning. On the other hand, drying out of the cornea can be associated with stinging pain. Treatment by an ophthalmologist works by tackling the causes of the disease and using drops to replace tears.

Myopia is one of the most common eye defects. In this defect, the image is formed in front of the retina. This causes distant vision to be blurry, blurry. To see an object better, myopia must bring it closer to the eyes. Correction of this type of defect is done with corrective glasses with minus lenses or by using contact lenses.

In the hyperopic or farsighted eye, the image is formed outside the retina. People with this defect have problems with sharp vision both near and far. Most often, a blurry image occurs when looking up close, resulting in difficulty reading. Farsightedness may be accompanied by headaches. The defect is corrected with glasses or contact lenses, using a converging lens.

Also known as corneal ataxia, this defect is distortion or blurring of the vision of both near and far objects. This is due to the asymmetry of the eye’s cornea. People with astigmatism may have frequent headaches, as well as feel a burning sensation or eye strain. Along with astigmatism, there may be myopia or hyperopia. Correction of the defect is most often carried out by using glasses with special toric lenses or with the use of contact lenses. Surgical treatment is also possible.

Conjunctivitis has typical, easily recognizable symptoms. These include: burning, itching, stinging under the eyelids as well as tearing and photophobia. The conjunctiva becomes reddened and discharge appears in the conjunctival sac. The cause of inflammation is bacteria, most often staphylococci or streptococci. Treatment should take place under medical supervision. Trying to treat it on your own may only prolong the discomfort and lead to side effects.

Retinal degeneration can occur spontaneously as a congenital or hereditary disease. It may also appear as a consequence of the occurrence of inflammatory changes. The causes of inflammation, on the other hand, can be bacteria, viruses, parasites or toxins. Inflammation sometimes develops during the course of infectious diseases. Any visual impairment should be reported to a doctor to prevent inflammatory scarring of the retina, which often causes irreversible damage to the eyesight. Photo BE &

Glaucoma is an eye disease that is associated with the atrophy of the optic nerve. It is accompanied by visual field defects. Glaucomatous damage to the optic nerve can be caused by a variety of factors. However, the most important of these is increased intraocular pressure. The risk factors for the disease are also other diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and high myopia. There is congenital (childhood) glaucoma, which may be hereditary. It manifests itself, inter alia, persistent tearing, photophobia and reflex eyelid spasms. Untreated acute glaucoma can progress to chronic glaucoma. Constantly elevated intraocular pressure can lead to atrophy of the optic nerve and, consequently, to blindness.

Clouding of the eye lens, called cataract, can have a variety of causes. They cause metabolic disturbances in the lens, leading to the loss of its transparency. After the age of 50, senile cataracts may develop, manifested by various visual disturbances depending on the place where the opacities occur. Another type of cataract is congenital cataract, which is the result of disturbances in the development of the eye. In many cases, it is not noticeable immediately after the child has noticed vision problems.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness. It develops in people suffering from diabetes. It is caused by damage to the small blood vessels that nourish the retina. These lesions may consequently lead to hemorrhage. Retinal bleeding is painless, but a dark spot appears in the field of view. Additionally, there may be problems with sharp vision and poor vision in the dark. Thus, in the case of diabetics, an appointment with an ophthalmologist should occur at least once a year.

Macular degeneration is an age-related and progressive degenerative disease of the central part of the retina. It usually develops after the age of 50, more often in women than in men. The disease is probably genetic, but it is more common in people with hypertension, after a heart attack or stroke, as well as in people who smoke. Therefore, it is worth remembering to have annual preventive visits to an ophthalmologist after the age of 40.