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Butter mushrooms in the photo look very attractive, they seem appetizing and tasty even in the picture. Closer to autumn, mushrooms appear in the forests everywhere, in order to bring a full basket, you need to properly study the existing species.
What does an oiler look like
The oiler mushroom looks like a small or medium-sized fungus with a neat tubular-type hat. The lower surface of the cap resembles a sponge, since it consists of many tiny vertical tubes. The stem of the fungus can be both smooth and granular, often a ring remains on it. The flesh on the cut is white or slightly yellowish, in the process of oxidation it becomes bluish or reddish.
The cap is covered with a thin skin, and this is quite traditional for most mushrooms. However, the butter dish has an important feature – the skin on its cap is sticky and shiny, often mucous to the touch.
What do oil germs look like
The photo and description of what the butterdish mushroom looks like demonstrate that young mushrooms that have just emerged from the ground have a very small cone-shaped hat with edges turned down. The lower tubular layer of the cap is covered with a thin whitish film, the so-called bedspread. Small mushrooms usually have a very shiny and sticky hat, only later the skin dries out a little.
What do young butterflies look like?
Fungi that have grown a little, but have not yet begun to age, are easy to recognize by the ring on the stem, it remains after the coverlet on the underside of the cap is torn. As they grow older, the shape of the cap changes, it straightens, although it continues to resemble a very low, gentle cone. In diameter, the cap of an adult young fungus usually does not exceed 15 cm.
What do overgrown butterflies look like?
Just 7-9 days after birth, the fungi begin to age, their flesh darkens and becomes flabby. The ring of overgrown mushrooms most often falls off, and the skin on the cap of old specimens dries up and may crack.
Why is the butter dish so named?
The butterdish mushroom got its name due to the unusual sticky skin on the hat with a wet sheen. At first glance, it seems that the top of the mushroom was smeared with oil.
It should be noted that this feature is read in the name of the mushroom in different languages. For example, in Germany, fungi are called “butter mushrooms”, in England the butter dish is called “slippery Jack”, and in the Czech Republic – butter mushroom.
What mushrooms are butterflies
From the point of view of classification, butterflies belong to the Maslenkovye family of the same name and to the Boletovye order. The fungus is included in the department of Basidiomycetes and belongs to the class Agaricomycetes.
What are butterflies
The Maslenkov genus includes about 50 different species. Mushrooms can be divided into 2 groups – fully edible and conditionally edible mushrooms.
Types of edible oil with photos and descriptions
Mushroom pickers are most interested in edible boletus, they have a good taste, many useful properties, and besides, they are easy to process before eating. Edible fungi in forests are found in several forms.
Ordinary
This edible mushroom is also called the late, autumn, true or yellow oiler. It grows most often in pine forests, and you can meet it from the beginning of August to the end of September. The fungus is easily recognizable by its convex mucous cap of chocolate, red-brown or yellow-brown color. The diameter of the cap does not exceed 12 cm, and the height of the stem is 5-10 cm, and usually it has a ring.
Red-red
In the photo of varieties of oil, you can often see an edible red-red fungus. It also grows mainly in coniferous plantations, and occurs most often from mid-July until October. The edible fungus has a large fleshy cap up to 15 cm in diameter, the color of the cap is yellow-orange with red-orange scales. The mushroom rises on a stem up to 11 cm above the ground, while the stem is usually almost the same color as the hat or slightly lighter.
Bellini
The Bellini edible mushroom is easily recognizable by its dense but short white-yellow stem and light brown cap. From below, the hat has a spongy surface of a greenish-yellow color. Rings on the stem are usually not present in young specimens.
White
The white or pale butterdish is an edible mushroom that is most often found under cedars and pines and can grow in forests from June until November. The diameter of the upper part is standard – up to 12 cm, the hat is covered with a mucous skin. The color of the edible white fungus is light yellow; over time, purple spots may appear on the top of the fungus. The variety is small in size – the mushroom usually rises above the ground by no more than 8 cm.
Grainy
An edible butter dish called grainy has a convex or pillow-like hat – in young specimens it is rusty in color, and in old specimens it is yellow-orange. Above the ground, the fungus rises no more than 8 cm, and the diameter of its upper part does not exceed 10 cm. In dry weather, the skin of an edible fungus is dry and smooth, although it can become mucous after rains. On the top of the stem, droplets of liquid often exude from the pores, and when they dry out, the surface of the stem becomes uneven, dotted with specks and seems to be grainy.
An edible mushroom grows mainly under pines and sometimes under spruces; it can be found everywhere from the beginning of summer until November.
Red
The red, or unringed mushroom has a reddish-red hat and a light yellow spongy layer on its lower surface. In the photo of edible mushrooms, this species is oiled, it is usually noticeable that the leg retains the remains of a torn coverlet, but there is no ring as such, hence the second name. Sometimes the leg of the fungus is covered with small wart growths.
Cedar
The cedar edible butter dish has a brown hat of a rather large size – up to 15 cm in diameter. Usually the surface of the skin at the top of the fungus is not sticky, but as if covered with wax, the color varies from yellow to brownish-orange. The leg of an edible fungus is standard, even with a slight narrowing in the upper part, and can reach a height of 12 cm.
yellow-brown
The yellow-brown butterdish, which is also called the swamp, moss or marsh moss, differs from most mushrooms of its species in that it has a scaly cap rather than a slimy one. In young fungi, the surface of the skin at the top is covered with fine hairs. The color of the mushroom is usually olive in young specimens and yellow with a reddish or orange tinge in adults. The fungus belongs to the category of rather large ones, it can reach a height of 10 cm, and a hat width of up to 14 cm.
Notable
Photos of what edible butterfish look like include a view called remarkable. It is found most often in wetlands, and is recognizable by the brown tint of the scaly, sticky upper part and by the ring on the stem. At the same time, the color of the leg in the lower part is brown-red, and above the ring it is yellowish-white. In diameter, the fungus can reach 15 cm, it usually does not rise above 12 cm in height.
Siberian
Edible Siberian fungus usually grows up to 10 cm wide and up to 8 cm high. In young specimens, the color is straw yellow, as they mature, it becomes dark yellow with brown spots. Siberian butterdish is a fungus with a slimy skin, a ring on the stem and a light fringe along the edges of the cap. It is relatively rare to meet this species, it mainly comes across in Siberia in mountainous regions near pines.
Girded
Edible butterflies of this species grow most often next to larch and have a dark color – dark chestnut or red-brown. The fungus can grow up to 12 cm, reaches a width of about 15 cm, a ring usually remains on the leg. On the cut of the leg, the flesh is light brown, and inside the hat it is yellow-orange and fleshy.
Photo and description of conditionally edible mushrooms butter
In forests, you can find not only edible, but also conditionally edible butterflies. This means that, in principle, mushrooms are not toxic, but in their raw form they have an unpleasant bitter and acrid taste and can cause poisoning.
Photos and descriptions of mushrooms butter conditionally edible category should be carefully studied. They must be very carefully processed before use – soaked, boiled for a long time. In this case, they will no longer pose a danger to digestion, and the taste will improve markedly.
Larch
A conditionally edible fungus is easily recognizable by its bright yellow or bright orange color. At the same time, not only the tops, but also the legs of fungi of this species can boast of bright coloring. Larch fungi emit a pleasant aroma, but they can only be used in cooking after long processing.
Swamp green
The mushroom is recognizable by its dirty yellow or buffy top with a tubercle in the center and sticky skin. The leg of a conditionally edible fungus is thin and yellow, usually with a ring, and the flesh on the cut is light lemon in color. Under the influence of oxygen, the flesh acquires a reddish tint.
Gray
Gray or bluish larch butterflies are characterized by a gray-yellow or light gray color, medium size for butterflies and a whitish ring on the stem. The flesh of the fungus acquires a bluish color when cut.
Kozlyak
Goat butterflies, which are also called mulleins or reticulums, are usually orange-brown or reddish-brown and reach only 11 cm in width. The stem of the fungus is the same color as the top, there is usually no ring. Most often, a conditionally edible species is found in swampy areas. The white-yellow pulp of the fungus is suitable for eating, but has a sour taste, so it requires careful pre-treatment.
Yellowish
Mushrooms of this species are conditionally edible and are found very often in forests with sandy soils. You can recognize the species by the orange-brown or ocher shade of a small, up to 6 cm in diameter, hat. Usually, a dense ring remains on the stem of the fungus – white in young specimens and purple in adults. The skin of this species, when eaten, causes indigestion, so it must be removed and the pulp thoroughly boiled.
Ruby
A variety of ruby butter is distinguished by a light brown color of the top and a thick pink leg, sometimes quite saturated. The tubular layer on the underside of the hat is also pink in color. Before eating this type of food, mushrooms must be peeled and properly boiled to eliminate an unpleasant aftertaste.
Peppery
Gloves, or pepper butter, are very small in size – up to 6 cm in height and up to 5 cm in width. The entire fungus is completely colored in brown shades, only the leg on the cut has a yellow color with a slight reddish sheen. Pepper fungus got its name because of its very pungent taste. It is allowed to eat them, but only after prolonged drying or soaking and in small quantities. Usually this species is used as a spice for various dishes.
Interesting facts about boletus
Small neat mushrooms have some unique features. Namely:
- the photo oiling in the forest shows that most often they grow in whole colonies – they can rarely be found singly, usually others are located very close to one oiler;
- they are suitable for food mainly at a young age – old butterflies are often affected by worms;
- when cleaning, they leave brown sticky spots on the skin, so it is better to remove the skin from fungi with thin gloves;
- can cause severe allergies – with a predisposition to allergic reactions, it is better to use them with caution.
Interestingly, fungi grow not only in Eurasia and the Americas, but even in Africa. It is believed that they were brought to hot countries in the Middle Ages along with pine trees. However, the local population rarely eats them – the inhabitants of Africa consider these fungi to be poisonous.
Conclusion
Oil mushrooms in the photo can be found in many varieties. There are no poisonous species in this family, so theoretically any of the oils can be used for food, but some require special processing.
