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The uterus is an organ located in the pelvic cavity and is characterized by strong muscles. This is one of the most important organs, especially for women who are planning multiple offspring. How is the uterus built and what function does it perform in a woman’s body? What are the most common diseases of the uterus in women?
Uterus – a brief characteristic
The uterus is an odd organ located in the pelvis. The uterus is shaped like a pear or, some believe, a bull’s head when viewed from the front. The uterus, next to the ovaries, vagina and fallopian tubes, is one of the most important organs of the human reproductive system. She is responsible for receiving the fertilized egg and its protection during development until the birth. The size of the uterus is variable and depends primarily on previous births. Typically, the uterus is approximately 7 centimeters long and 4 centimeters wide. It is 2,5 centimeters thick, although this size may vary depending on the weight of the woman. A properly developed and healthy uterus weighs approx. 50-60 g. The volume of the uterus is several milliliters, but it increases significantly during pregnancy and in the ninth month, just before delivery, it may even be 5 liters.
Uterus – structure
The uterus is located in the center of the pelvic cavity, between the rectum and the bladder. On both sides of the uterus, there are fallopian tubes through which the fertilized egg is transported. The uterus is made up of three parts: the body, the isthmus and the cervix.
- body of the uterus – this is the thickest, widest and deepest element of the uterus. The shaft is mainly made of smooth muscle. In the body there is the uterine cavity in which the embryo is implanted. Its inner walls are lined with the mucosa, which is necessary for the implantation of the embryo;
- isthmus of the uterus – this is a few millimeters of the cervical canal, which is below the internal opening;
- cervix – is an element of the uterus made mainly of elastic connective tissue. The mucosa of the cervical canal secretes an alkaline secretion, which facilitates the penetration of sperm. In pregnant women, the cervix acts as a closing sphincter.
The uterine wall consists of three layers:
- the serous membrane known as the palpebral;
- a muscle membrane called the intrauterine body;
- mucosa called uterus.
What is the role of the uterus in a woman’s body?
The uterus plays a major role in the functioning of the reproductive system. It is in the uterine cavity that the embryo embeds, which develops in it until delivery. The cervix, which is the connecting channel between the vagina and the uterine cavity, is closest to the genital tract. Through the cervix, sperm goes deeper into the genital tract, up to the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the cervical mucosa is either a natural barrier for sperm or creates a friendly environment conducive to the migration of sperm. In the event of fertilization, the cervix closes and protects the development of the embryo and the future fetus. The contraction of the smooth muscles, which make up the uterine body, allows in the final stage to give birth to natural forces. In turn, the position of the uterine fundus allows you to determine the exact age of the fetus.
Uterine diseases
The uterus, like other organs of our body, is exposed to various disease states that impair its functioning. The diseases that most often appear within the uterus include:
- cervical polyps; these are overgrown forms of the mucosa that most often appear with hormonal disorders and a significant increase in estrogens. Polyps are treated with hormone therapy or by curettage;
- uterine fibroids; are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive organs. Uterine fibroids are caused when muscle cells multiply excessively. Small fibroids are usually not removed, they are only monitored. Larger tumors should be removed so that the myoma does not turn into a more dangerous sarcoma;
- cervical cancer; is one of the most dangerous diseases that arise within the uterus. The human papillomavirus HPV is responsible for the development of cervical cancer. Very often, cervical cancer is detected in women very late, which significantly worsens the prognosis for this disease. To prevent the negative consequences of cervical cancer, women should have regular Pap smear tests.
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