Urinary tract infections during pregnancy

What is a urinary tract infection?

A urinary tract infection occurs when urine, which is normally sterile, is contaminated with a microbe. It enters the urethra (a tiny duct leading from the bladder and allowing urine to be drained) and then can enter the bladder. We then speak of cystitis.

Sometimes, germs in the bladder continue to ascend to the kidneys through two channels (the ureters). This complication is called pyelonephritis, and is an emergency.

What is the cause of a urinary tract infection?

It is bacteria, present on the surface of the skin, around the genital area, which are responsible for urinary tract infections. Anatomically, in women, the urethra is very short (2 to 3 cm) and close to the vagina and anus. This makes it easier for germs to enter because they have less distance to travel.

Why are pregnant women more prone to urinary tract infections?

From the first trimester of pregnancy, hormones and chemical changes occur in the urinary tract by reducing their tone. Suddenly, these work in slow motion. Urinary output drops and urine tends to stagnate. They act on the wall of the bladder and weaken its natural protection against microbes. Not only is urine less acidic, it is naturally “sweet”, which promotes infections.

Are urinary tract infections more frequent in late pregnancy?

From the second trimester, the growth of the uterus causes compression of the urinary organs.

As a result, you feel like peeing even when your bladder isn’t full, and often can’t empty your bladder completely.

Consequence: more frequent urinary tract infections.

Are there pregnant women more prone to urinary tract infections?

If a future mother suffers from diabetes (increased blood sugar level) or has a tendency to UTIs outside of pregnancy, she will be more prone to it when she becomes pregnant.

How does urinary tract infection manifest itself?

Very often the urinary tract infection does not give any sign. It is said to be “asymptomatic”.

In the event of cystitis, “usual” signs appear: the mother-to-be experiences need to urinate urgently, sometimes it’s just a few drops! She also feels urination burns (when she pees), and her urine is often cloudy. Less commonly, the infection can manifest as a heaviness in the lower abdomen.

What are the risks of a urinary tract infection for the mother or the baby?

Mom side : the main risk is threat of premature labor.

Baby side : the risks are also those of a premature childbirth. Sometimes the baby may also be infected. Do not worry, however, laboratory examinations will be carried out systematically after birth and treatment quickly put in place.

How is a urinary tract infection diagnosed?

During pregnancy consultations, the doctor or midwife checks for urinary tract infections, especially those without signs, thanks to the dipstick, at the same time as the search for sugar or albumin.

How is a urinary tract infection treated?

To avoid complications, urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics suitable for pregnant women.

If you have a pyelonephritis, we will be hospitalized for a more complete assessment. Pain medication and antibiotics will be given to us through the veins.

How can you prevent urinary tract infections?

Everything is in the hygiene of life! It is advisable to drink at least 2 liters of water per day and avoid foods that irritate the bladder (coffee, spicy foods). You can also try the cranberry jus, known to decrease the frequency of urinary tract infections, or dried cranberries (also called cranberries).

Wearing synthetic or tight-fitting clothing promotes the multiplication of germs, so cotton ones are preferred, especially in terms of underwear. After going to the bathroom, we always wipe ourselves back and forth so as not to bring germs into the urinary tract. We use a mild soap, neutral pH, non-stripping, for personal hygiene, we do not no douching so as not to unbalance the vaginal flora.

We also think of pee after sex, this will prevent bacteria from “going up” to the bladder. Finally, avoid Jacuzzis, because they constitute a favorable environment for bacteria.