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Trepanobiopsy is a method of extracting a piece of bone marrow from a person without violating its integrity, in order to conduct a histological analysis.
Such a procedure allows the doctor to determine whether there are changes in the bone marrow and to identify a number of diseases: erythremia, leukemia, osteomyelosclerosis, and others.
In addition, this method allows you to extract a sufficient amount of material, which is impossible to do with a puncture. For puncture, special needles are usually used, they are also called trepans.
There are two types of trepanobiopsy: bone marrow and breast. In the first case, this procedure remains the most informative, since the fragment for analysis does not change its structure during sampling. The needle for the operation is small, only 2 mm.
To get to the iliac crest, where the material is taken from, a puncture is made.
The whole procedure takes several minutes. It is carried out under local anesthesia. There are no consequences after it, so there is no need to stay in a medical facility after manipulations.
Trepanobiopsy of the breast is the most accurate way to determine whether there are cancer cells in the patient’s body or not. The accuracy of this method is over 90%.
If there is a cyst at the site of formation, from where the material for analysis is taken, then trepanobiopsy will help get rid of it. To do this, experts remove the fluid and cauterize the walls of the cyst.
The procedure takes no more than 20 minutes. The study is also carried out under local anesthesia using special spring needles. The most pleasant bonus from such manipulation is that there is no need for stitches. Scars after trepanobiopsy of the breast do not remain.
When should a trephine biopsy be performed?
Trepanobiopsy is not necessary in all cases of the disease. They resort to it in order to determine splenomegaly of unknown origin, chronic myeloproliferative diseases, aplastic anemia, bone marrow damage.
Doctors resort to this procedure when a conventional biopsy has failed.
As for contraindications, there are several of them:
- the procedure should not be performed in patients with an allergy to anesthesia;
- in a patient, a tumor is not detected by ultrasound;
- the presence of acute infectious diseases;
- poor blood clotting;
- epilepsy;
- diseases of the respiratory system.
The procedure for performing a trepanobiopsy
Before the procedure, the patient must pass the necessary tests and be sure to do a chest x-ray. The trepanobiopsy procedure is performed by a doctor. The preparation of the instrument and the operating field is carried out by a nurse. A puncture is made in the iliac crest. The needle is designed in such a way that, when rotated, it cuts out a column of bone and bone marrow tissue. This makes the procedure faster and safer for the patient.
After that, material is collected for research. Next, the instrument is removed, and the material for analysis is sent for study. Results are expected no earlier than two weeks later. Thanks to this method, it is possible to accurately determine the presence of serious diseases or abnormalities in a patient.
Complication after surgery
Any surgical intervention is always a risk. And do not forget about this, even when performing a trepanobiopsy. The most important indicator is the health of the patient. The most common complications after the procedure are bleeding and infection of the body.
After the operation, there may also be consequences:
- Infection of the site of trepanobiopsy;
- blood infections;
- High level of osteoporosis;
- Disruption of the cardiovascular system.
In order to protect themselves, patients who take blood thinners at the time of the sampling are advised by doctors to stop taking them for a while. After a trephine biopsy, a person may experience complications such as chills, fever, soreness at the puncture site, bleeding or redness, nausea and vomiting, joint pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough.
In this case, you should immediately contact your doctor. Usually, all non-dangerous symptoms disappear on the second day after the procedure.
Postoperative period
After a trepanobiopsy, doctors recommend not taking a bath for a day. In addition, the consumption of alcohol is strictly prohibited. With any use of drugs, you should consult a doctor.
In the event that the manipulations were carried out on the mammary gland, experts recommend not lifting weights for 2-3 days. Due to local anesthesia, patients do not experience pain, they are most likely uncomfortable and unpleasant during the procedure.
The study makes it possible to study the structure of the seized material, the composition of the cells and the characteristics of the vessels. When a doctor performs a trepanobiopsy, he is guided by the following principles: benefit, safety and painlessness.
Trepanobiopsy has been performed for many years. Therefore, you should not worry about the technique of manipulation. Thanks to the accumulated experience, it has been worked out to the smallest detail.