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Transverse flat feet is an abnormal structure of the foot. Due to the fact that transverse flat feet usually do not cause pain (except for metatarsalgia), it is not defined as a disease entity. It affects a large number of people, especially women and the elderly.
The rate is based on three points: on the heads of the XNUMXst and XNUMXth metatarsals and on the heel. Each bone is connected by three arches (two longitudinal and one transverse) that are supported by ligaments and muscles. The transverse arch is situated at the height of the heads of the metatarsal bones and the wedge-shaped and cubic bones. When walking, this arch flattens and rises. In case of transverse flatfoot The XNUMXnd and XNUMXrd metatarsal heads are lowered and the transverse arch is not visible. Characteristic feature transverse flatfoot there are thickenings on the XNUMXnd and XNUMXrd metatarsal head.
Transverse flat feet – causes
Transverse flat feet may be congenital (loose ligaments and joint capsules) or acquired. It can be caused by: hallux valgus, which raises the first metatarsal bone and overloads the remaining ones, overweight, gradual weakening of ligaments and joint capsules, trauma, hormonal changes, diseases (eg RA). Transverse flat feet may be the result of muscle weakness and the wearing of high-heeled shoes, which may cause Achilles tendon contracture and an excessive load on the front of the foot. The cause of its formation are also hammer fingers, i.e. deformation resulting from wearing too small shoes.
Transverse flat feet – symptoms
The first symptom of transverse flatfoot there is the formation of corns, usually at the level of the XNUMXnd and XNUMXrd metatarsal heads. Then they occur Pain at the site of the calluses caused by overloading these points. There may also be inflammation of the metatarsophalangeal joints or a burning pain in the front of the foot that makes it impossible to wear narrow shoes.
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Changes of this type are a consequence of many years of overloadwhich is also known as Morton’s metatarsalgia. Fatigue fractures (usually the XNUMXnd and XNUMXrd metatarsal bones) are a less common symptom as a result of repeated overloads associated with transverse flat feet. Pain does not come on suddenly and is usually worse over the course of a few days.
Transverse flat feet – treatment
Treatment of flat feet it’s usually about managing the symptoms. It’s a relief to remove the prints, and wearing insoles and fearswhich increase the foot load area, reducing the overload of the metatarsal bones and lifting the transverse arch. With a little flat feet regular exercise prescribed by a physiotherapist may bring effect. It is also used to cover the ankle joint and the foot with elastic plasters in order to mechanically correct the incorrect position of the foot, improve stabilization, coordination and balance.
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Methods of treating the causes of the disease may also be effective. In the case of contracture of the Achilles tendon, you can try to stretch it using rehabilitation exercises or a special orthosis. If transverse flatfoot is a consequence of hallux valgus, then this deformation is corrected surgically. You can also surgically correct the bones of the foot to restore the correct anatomical arch.
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