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The zone of risky farming dictates its requirements for varieties of tomatoes grown in open ground. They must be early or ultra-early, adapt well to changeable weather conditions, and be disease resistant. It is desirable that they are well stored and transported over long distances, and the taste did not fail. Breeders put a lot of effort to develop varieties that meet all these requirements. Among them is Kozak Vladimir Ivanovich. For 46 years of work, he has many tomato varieties based on wild currant tomatoes, which give plants resistance to diseases and excellent adaptation to any climatic adversity. One of these varieties is Yamal 200, the reviews of those who planted it are only positive.
Let’s get acquainted in more detail with the description and characteristics of the variety, look at the photo of the fruit, find out the features of cultivation.
Description and characteristics
The tomato variety Yamal 200 was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2007 and is recommended for cultivation in all regions.
The tomato is intended for cultivation in an open ground and under temporary film shelters.
In terms of ripening, it belongs to the early ones, the first fruits begin to ripen after 95 days. In cool summers, it can manifest itself as medium-early and gives the first ripe fruits after 100 days. It is distinguished by a friendly return of the crop – a considerable part of it is harvested already in the first decade. The originator of the variety V.I. Kozak advises to collect fruits in blange ripeness, then the yield of the Yamal tomato increases. With good care, it reaches 4,6 kg per sq. m. For this variety, planting is recommended according to two schemes: 40×70 and 50×60 cm. In this case, the sprawling bushes have enough space, they are well ventilated.
The bush of the Yamal tomato is strong and standard, it is notable for its small height – only 50 cm. It does not need to be formed or stepsoned, but it is advisable to tie up the central stem. The leaf of this variety of tomato is medium in size. The bush is not very leafy, the fruits are perfectly illuminated by the sun.
Characteristics of fruits
- the shape of the fruits of the tomato variety Yamal is flat-round with weakly pronounced ribs;
- the color is bright, red with shine, the aroma is pronounced tomato;
- the first fruits can reach up to 200 g in weight, the subsequent ones will be a little smaller;
- the taste of the Yamal tomato variety is slightly sour, which is often the case with early varieties, but real tomato;
- the skin is quite dense, so Yamal tomatoes are well stored and transported without loss of quality;
- Initially, the variety was intended for whole-fruit canning, but, according to the reviews of those who planted it, it is also very good in a salad.
The description of the Yamal tomato variety will be incomplete, if not to say about its resistance to diseases, in particular, to phytophthora.
On sale there are seeds of the Yamal tomato variety without the number 200 in the title. In general, the description of the Yamal tomato variety coincides with that for Yamal 200, but the fruits of the first variety are smaller – only up to 100 g. According to gardeners, their taste is very good. These tomatoes are tied in any summer, even rains do not interfere with them. The agricultural technology of tomatoes Yamal and Yamal 200 has its own characteristics.
Care of tomatoes
Tomatoes can be grown both seedling and seedless. In the case of the Yamal tomato, the seedless method will not allow the plants to realize their full yield potential, so seedlings will have to be grown.
Growing seedlings
The timing of sowing Yamal tomato seeds for seedlings is determined based on the fact that young plants should be 45 days old and 5 to 7 true leaves before planting.
To grow strong and stocky seedlings of the Yamal and Yamal 200 tomato, you need to follow the correct light, temperature and irrigation conditions, but first properly prepare the seeds.
They are pickled in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, washed and soaked in a growth stimulator solution. Soaking time is about 12 hours. During this time, the seeds will swell and they must be immediately sown in pre-prepared soil.
As a soil for sowing, Vladimir Ivanovich Kozak recommends a mixture of soddy soil, humus and sand in a ratio of 4:8:1. For disinfection, the soil is shed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Sow seeds only in warm moist soil. Its temperature should not be less than + 20 degrees. Sow to a depth of 1 cm with a distance between rows of 3 cm, and in a row of about 1 cm. The container with crops is covered with a plastic bag and placed in a warm place until the first seedlings appear. After that, the package is removed, and the shoots are put on a well-lit windowsill. The temperature at this time is maintained within 12 degrees at night and 15 degrees during the day. After 4 days, they switch to the standard temperature regime: at night – 14 degrees, during the day 17 in cloudy weather and 21-23 in clear weather.
Water the seedlings of the Yamal tomato moderately, only when the topsoil dries.
Before picking, which is carried out in phase 2 of true leaves, transferring the seedlings into separate containers with a teaspoon, the seedlings are not fed. In the future, once a week, watering is combined with fertilizing with mineral fertilizers with a predominance of potassium over nitrogen.
Transplanting
It is carried out when the threat of return spring frosts has passed, and the soil temperature warms up to + 15 degrees. Before planting, Yamal tomato seedlings are hardened for 1 or 2 weeks, as the weather permits. The soil for tomatoes has been prepared since autumn, filling it well with rotted manure or compost – a bucket per square meter. m. Add 70-80 g of superphosphate to the same area. Nitrogen fertilizers and ash are incorporated into the soil in early spring during harrowing.
Holes are dug in such a way that the root system of tomatoes is spacious in it. When watering, the phytosporin preparation is added to the water – this is the first preventive treatment for phytophthora.
Well-watered seedlings of the Yamal tomato are slightly spudded and sprinkled with dry earth. Plants shade. The first week they are watered only if there is a strong heat and the tomatoes are grafted. In the future, watering should be regular – once a week, carried out no later than 3 hours before sunset. Water should have a temperature of at least 20 degrees. With the onset of flowering, tomatoes are watered more often – up to 2 times a week, and in dry and hot weather and every 2 days. After the full formation of the crop, watering is reduced.
Tomatoes are fed 2 weeks after planting with a complete mineral fertilizer with trace elements. Further feeding is repeated every 10-15 days, depending on soil fertility.
Tomato Yamal needs a double hilling with moist soil. This strengthens the root system, thereby increasing the yield.
This tomato does not need to be formed, but if there is a desire to get an early harvest, you can remove the stepchildren below the first flower brush, however, the number of fruits in this case will be less.
Since the Yamal tomato is grown in open ground, timely preventive treatments of plants against late blight and other fungal diseases are necessary. At the first stage of cultivation, you can use chemical means of protection. In the future, one should switch to biological and folk methods of combating these dangerous diseases: phytosporin, boric acid, iodine, whey.
Valery Medvedev, a well-known tomato expert, tells more about the Yamal tomato
