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Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya, despite its considerable age, is still popular with gardeners throughout the country. This variety is grown in Central Our Country and the Far East, Altai and Kuban. This is due to the fact that he has absorbed all the positive qualities of the culture: unpretentiousness, ease of care and good yields. Description of sea buckthorn Chuiskaya and the technology of its cultivation can be found in this article.
History of breeding
The variety Chuiskaya was obtained as a result of free pollination of wild sea buckthorn growing in the valley of the Chuya River. Hence the name of the cultivar. When creating a variety, the Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies pursued the following goals:
- reduction in the number of thorns on the shoots;
- increase in productivity;
- improving fruit quality.
The cultivation of sea buckthorn Chuiskaya took 18 years. In 1978, it was submitted to the state variety testing. Below is a photo of sea buckthorn Chuiskaya.
In 1979, the variety was included in the State Register for the North-West, Far East, Ural, West Siberian and some other regions.
Description of berry culture
Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya is a deciduous shrub with a wide spreading crown. Grows up to 3 m in height. Used by many gardeners as a fruit variety. It can be grown in various climatic zones, from Kamchatka to Kaliningrad.
General idea of the variety
Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya is usually formed in the form of a small multi-stemmed shrub. The crown is rounded, rather rare, not prone to thickening. Skeletal branches are pronounced. The thickness of the shoots is average. The leaves are narrow, alternate, long, lanceolate. Their color on last year’s branches is light green with a silvery sheen, on the shoots of the current year it is darker. The spines are weakly expressed, their number is insignificant.
Berries
The size and quantity of Chuiskaya sea buckthorn berries are highly dependent on growing conditions. The main data on the fruits are collected in the table.
Parameter name | Value |
Weight, g | 0,85 – 0,9 Feet |
Color | Bright orange |
Form | Round cylindrical, elongated |
Stem length, mm | 2 – 3 Feet |
Taste | Sweet and sour |
fragrance | Expressive, pleasant |
Sugar content, % | 6,4 – 7,2 Feet |
Berry separation | Dry, light |
Terms of maturation | Mid-late variety, harvest time – mid-late August |
Productivity, kg | 10–11, with intensive agricultural technology – up to 23 |
Characterization
The main characteristics of the sea buckthorn variety Chuiskaya are presented below.
Main advantages
The undoubted advantage of sea buckthorn Chuiskaya is its productivity. However, without good agricultural technology it cannot be achieved. This variety is especially sensitive to watering. Positive qualities are also:
- undemanding of soil composition;
- excellent winter hardiness (up to -45 degrees);
- slight thorniness of shoots;
- good taste of fruits;
- versatility of the use of berries;
- good transportability.
It should be noted that Chuiskaya sea buckthorn begins to yield from the age of 3, and it bears fruit stably.
Flowering period and ripening period
The opening of buds and the ripening of sea buckthorn Chuiskaya are highly dependent on the area of growth and weather conditions. In most regions, flowering time falls on mid-May and lasts 6–12 days. Sea buckthorn berries of the Chuiskaya variety reach full maturity in the second half of August.
Scope of berries
Berries of the sea buckthorn variety Chuiskaya are universal in their purpose. They can be consumed both fresh and processed. Most often, the fruits are dried, they are used to make jams, jams, and juice is squeezed out. Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya can also be used to obtain sea buckthorn oil, but its content in fruits does not exceed 2,9%. This is half that of technical grades.
Disease and pest resistance
Subject to the rules for growing sea buckthorn Chuiskaya, it is quite rarely affected by diseases and pests. To prevent the occurrence of fungal infections, measures are taken to clean and thin the crown, and the bushes are also treated with preparations containing copper. From insect pests, spraying with special preparations is carried out.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya is not a pronounced leader in comparison with other varieties. There are more fruitful and sweet ones. Rather, it can be called a strong middle peasant. It is not in vain that at the Institute this variety is a reference in many respects.
The positive qualities of Chuiskaya include its frost resistance, the negative ones are the strong dependence of the crop on proper agricultural technology.
Rules of landing
The rules for planting the Chuiskaya variety do not differ from those generally accepted for this type of plant. Sea buckthorn is planted in a group, since both female and male individuals are needed to obtain berries.
When planting, you need to take into account that the adult bushes of the Chuiskaya variety will be quite high, but the annual growth of seedlings is small.
Recommended dates
Most gardeners consider early spring to be the best time for planting Chuiskaya sea buckthorn. In autumn, after leaf fall, earthworks can be started in the south. Sea buckthorn with a closed root system is planted at any time except during the hot summer months.
If the planting dates are missed, it is better to dig in the young trees of the Chuiskaya sea buckthorn until spring. To do this, they are laid in a ditch 0,5 meters deep, directing the crown to the south. The roots are sprinkled with earth, and after the first frost, all the seedlings need to be covered, leaving only the top outside. Then a layer of spruce branches is laid on top, and after snow falls, additional shelter is made from it.
Choosing the right place
Sea buckthorn Chui loves sunlight. It should be planted in an open space, at a distance of at least 2-3 m from other garden trees. There should not be garden beds nearby, otherwise, when digging, there is a high risk of damaging shallow roots. Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya should not be planted next to a high fence or garden buildings. And also it is necessary to avoid places that can periodically be flooded or with a groundwater level above 1 m.
Soil Preparation
Landing pits for sea buckthorn Chuiskaya are best prepared in advance. Excavated fertile soil must be preserved. A nutritious soil mixture is made from it, with which the root system of the seedling will fall asleep. For its preparation, the following components are taken:
- compost or humus – 1 bucket;
- river sand – 1 bucket;
- fertile soil – 2 buckets;
- wood ash – 0,5 buckets;
- superphosphate – 0,2 kg.
All components must be mixed well.
Selection and preparation of seedlings
Quality planting material is the key to a good harvest. It is best to choose bushes of the second year of life. By this time, the length of the plant should be 35–50 cm, and the roots should be at least 20 cm.
When choosing a seedling of Chuiskaya sea buckthorn, special attention should be paid to its bark. It should not flake off or be brown in color. This indicates that the seedling is damaged by cold, it will no longer be able to recover.
Algorithm and landing scheme
Sea buckthorn seedlings Chuiskaya can be arranged in rows or in a checkerboard pattern. For high-quality pollination, the ratio of male and female trees should be no more than 1:5. Many gardeners reduce the proportion as male trees die more frequently. They are planted on the windward side of the group or surrounded by female specimens. The best pollinator for sea buckthorn Chuyskaya is a male tree of the same variety.
Landing pits should be at least 2 m apart from each other. A support is driven into the bottom of each with an offset from the center, to which a young tree will be tied. It is planted vertically, the roots are straightened and covered with a nutrient mixture, tamping the soil to prevent the formation of voids. The root neck should be at a height of 5–6 cm from ground level. Sea buckthorn seedling Chuiskaya must be tied to a support.
Culture aftercare
Planting and caring for sea buckthorn Chuiskaya is not difficult. Unlike fruit trees, the near-stem circle is not dug up in sea buckthorn, so as not to damage closely lying roots.
Necessary activities
For the correct formation of the bush, regular pruning will be required, and for good fruiting, maintaining soil moisture and sometimes top dressing. Adult sea buckthorn Chuiskaya, especially in dry weather, will need regular watering. You need to moisturize the entire root zone. Once every three to four years, organic matter is brought under the bush – a bucket of humus or compost mixed with a small amount of superphosphate.
In early spring, the bushes can be fed with nitrophoska, scattering it in the root zone.
Weeding and loosening of the near-stem circles of Chuiskaya sea buckthorn is not carried out. Weeds are simply mown at the root. It is best to mulch the trunk circle with turf. This not only reduces the risk of root damage, but also prevents insect pests and their larvae from emerging from the soil.
shrub pruning
In the first three years, the Chuiskaya sea buckthorn bush is shaped by pruning. After planting, the seedling is shortened to 10–20 cm in height. The following year, several strong shoots are selected from the formed root shoots, the rest are removed. This will be the basis of the future bush. They carry out autumn and spring sanitary pruning, removing old, dry, broken and diseased branches.
Preparation for winter
Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya is a very winter-hardy plant, therefore, no preparatory measures are usually carried out before the winter period. To reduce the risk of damage by rodents, you can make a metal mesh fence around the bush, and whitewash the stems. In addition, the trunk circle can be lined with spruce branches, and covered with a layer of turf on top. Such a multilayer shelter serves as additional protection of the roots from freezing.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Sea buckthorn Chuyskaya has good immunity to diseases. However, in conditions of high humidity or severe neglect of the bushes, fungi may appear on the leaves and bark. The main diseases of sea buckthorn are shown in the table.
Name of the disease | Signs of appearance, consequences | Control and prevention measures |
Verticillary wilting | Leaves and branches turn yellow and dry. The plant dies. | The disease is not cured. The plant must be dug up and burned. |
Black Cancer | Characteristic black spots appear on the bark. In this place, the bark cracks and flies around. The wood turns black. | Timely removal of foci of infection and treatment with copper sulfate. Sections are smeared with a mixture of mullein and clay. |
Blackleg | Appears as black rot on the trunk at ground level. The trunk rots and the tree falls. | Appears on young seedlings. It is recommended to plant them in a soil-sand substrate (1: 1) and irrigate with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. |
septoriosis | The appearance on the leaves of characteristic brown spots with a colorless middle. The plant sheds its foliage early and usually dies in winter. | Strip and burn infected leaves. In early spring, the bushes are sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture. |
brown spotting | Brown spots appear on the leaves, then they merge. The leaves are dying. | The same as with septoria. |
Nectrium necrosis | It is found by bright red or orange mushroom pads on the bark of a tree. | Affected shoots must be removed and burned. |
fruit rot | The berries become soft, wither and mummify. | Timely removal of dried berries. For prevention, the bush is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture in spring and autumn. |
Insect pests also rarely attack Chuiskaya sea buckthorn. The table shows some of them.
Name of the pest | What hurts | Ways to fight and prevent |
sea buckthorn fly | Berries, larvae develop in them | Preventive spraying with Fufanon, Iskra, Inta-Vir, etc. |
Aphid sea buckthorn | Leaves, from which the aphid sucks the juice | – // – |
sea buckthorn moth | Caterpillars gnaw on leaves | – // – |
spider mite | It sucks juice from leaves, buds and flowers. | – // – |
Conclusion
Sea buckthorn Chuiskaya has long managed to establish itself on the good side. It is a reliable and productive variety. And even a novice gardener can cope with its cultivation.