Contents
Genetic factors often determine whether or not we develop cancer. Nevertheless, a lot also depends on our lifestyle. See what to avoid to minimize your risk of cancer. 11 simple steps to reduce your cancer risk
Mazurka See the gallery 8
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1/ 8 Viruses
The best known oncogenic virus is HPV (human papillomavirus), which can cause cervical cancer, vulvar cancer and penile cancer. However, it is not the only virus that can cause cancer in addition to infection. HHV-8 can cause Kaposi’s sarcoma, HBV and HCV can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and EBV to various types of lymphomas. Vaccines exist to protect against some of the viruses listed. In particular, it is recommended that girls who are sexually initiated be vaccinated against HPV. photo: Shutterstock
2/ 8 Chemical substances
Chemical agents dominate among the carcinogens. Almost everyone has heard of the carcinogenic asbestos attacking the bronchi and endothelium. In addition to this substance, the following are also harmful: benzene (it causes leukemia), vinyl chloride (hepatocellular carcinoma), nickel (cancer of the bronchi and paranasal sinuses), dioxins, arsenic and thorotrast. photo: Shutterstock
3/8 Alcohol
Although ethanol is a chemical compound, it deserves a separate mention. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the likelihood of many types of cancer – mainly gastrointestinal (laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer). It also significantly increases the risk of liver cancer. photo: Shutterstock
4/ 8 Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins are substances produced by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus. They appear on poorly stored peanuts, cereals and almonds. These compounds are very toxic – it has been proven that animals consuming feed contaminated with aflatoxins die. If these compounds are present in small amounts in food, they are carcinogenic. photo: Shutterstock
5/ 8 Ionizing radiation
There is probably no need to convince anyone that radiation can cause cancer. Each of us has daily contact with such radiation, namely the radiation of radioisotopes present in nature and cosmic radiation. However, these doses are not dangerous for us. So if you are not working with radioactive elements, you are safe. Ionizing radiation is used in radiotherapy. Thanks to the precise positioning of the beam, it is possible to damage the tumor itself without exposing the surrounding tissues. photo: Shutterstock
6/ 8 UV radiation
The fact that overexposure to UV radiation causes cancer can be repeated ad nauseam. UV-B and UV-C radiation is particularly dangerous, as it damages DNA chains. Too intense sunbathing increases the risk of melanoma as well as squamous and basal cell carcinoma. photo: Shutterstock
7/ 8 Smoking
Everyone knows that smoking increases the risk of developing cancer of the lung, larynx and esophagus. It turns out, however, that this addiction also drastically increases the incidence of pancreatic cancer, one of the most malignant cancers. photo: Shutterstock
8/ 8 Obesity
It is not fully understood what the mechanism is, but there is a correlation between obesity and cancer risk. People with obesity are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer, among others. photo: Shutterstock