Therapeutic Diet №5

In the twentieth century in Russia, professor gastroenterologist Manuil Pevzner studied the influence of the human diet to alleviate the course and treatment of various diseases. The result of many years of painstaking work was the creation of a cycle of therapeutic diets, consisting of specially designed 15 tables. Each of the diets is designed for therapeutic nutrition of the patient, depending on the disease and helps to quickly restore the body.

The fifth diet is prescribed for liver diseases, impaired secretion of the digestive glands, problems with the biliary tract. At different stages of diseases and complications, the composition of the diet may change. We will talk more about diet options No. 5, how to follow them, the list of allowed and prohibited foods below.

Table number 5

The fifth table is a nutrition system, which consists of a list of dishes, a regimen, food processing rules. Can be used in both adults and children. Its main goal is aimed at improving and restoring the functioning of the liver and biliary tract. In this regard, indications for the appointment of diet No. 5 are: chronic cholecystitis, cirrhosis of the liver (without decompensation), chronic hepatitis, liver steatosis. In addition, it is prescribed for 14-17 days after removal of the gallbladder. Also, table No. 5 can be used for mild toxicosis during pregnancy.

Diet 5 is applicable only in cases of chronic diseases without exacerbation and during periods of recovery. It is contraindicated to prescribe this treatment table during an exacerbation of diseases and with existing complications, as well as with concomitant gastritis or ulcers.

The diet is prescribed for a long time. First, it is prescribed for about a week with constant monitoring of the patient. If the nutrition system is tolerated normally, the course is extended. The duration of the therapeutic nutrition program is most often one and a half years and depends on the dynamics of the course of the disease. Also, the prescribed diet #5 during this period may be changed or adjusted.

A diet that provides for a 5th table is most often prescribed for patients with impaired liver and gallbladder function. Such nutrition improves the functions of these organs, as well as normalizes metabolism and the digestive process. The program has a beneficial effect on almost all internal organs and can serve as a prevention of other diseases.

The main therapeutic effect on the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts is provided by three sparing factors. That is, the food taken should be sparing in chemical composition and mechanical processing. The temperature of the food taken is also important.

Chemical composition. The main task of diet number 5 is to provide the patient with good nutrition, while excluding those foods that impair the functioning of the liver and gallbladder. With hepatitis, cirrhosis and cholecystitis, it is forbidden to eat foods high in cholesterol, fats, essential oils. It is important to ensure that every day the patient consumes all the necessary components: proteins, carbohydrates, fats in a small amount. Salt is limited to 10 g per day. Table number 5 is fully balanced, involves the use of 2500 kcal per day. For pregnant women, the daily calorie content should be at least 2800 kcal.

Diet No. 5 requires compliance with the temperature regime of the consumed food in the range from 20 to 60 degrees. Cold and too hot dishes are undesirable for diseases of the liver and biliary tract.

Mechanical processing is the grinding of food, which is necessary to facilitate the process of digestion. For the fifth table, it is not necessary to grind or grind everything, much can be eaten in whole pieces. Vegetables with a high fiber content must be chopped: finely chopped, grated, boiled – rubbed through cheesecloth. The same goes for stringy meat.

Diet meals can be baked, boiled in milk or water, steamed. Twice a week you can eat stew: vegetable stew, minced meat roast, diet cocot. It is forbidden to eat fried foods, as such foods contain fat oxidation products that impede the production of bile, thereby impairing liver function. You need to eat often – at least 5 times a day, in medium portions.

Let us consider in more detail what the diet for a patient can consist of on the fifth diet.

Therapeutic diet

The list of allowed products is quite wide. The restrictions apply only to fatty, spicy, salty and fermented foods, because such food enhances the secretion of the digestive juices of the pancreas and irritates the gastric mucosa. Below is a list of foods that should be limited or eliminated entirely.

Having a list of acceptable dishes and products, you can make a healthy diet. It is recommended to draw up a menu in advance, at least 2 days in advance. So it will be possible to stock up on the necessary products and pick up recipes, and cooking will take less time. The exact implementation of all the rules of the diet will protect against exacerbation of the disease and speed up recovery.

Menu for table №5

To make it easier to make your diet, you can consider a ready approximate menu and recipes for it.

Day one

Breakfast: milk oatmeal with mashed dried fruits, tea.

Lunch: pureed low-fat cottage cheese, tea.

Lunch: beetroot soup, 10 of sour cream, buckwheat with meatballs, bread.

Dinner: baked zucchini pancakes, a little sour cream 10% fat.

Day two

Breakfast: semolina pudding, tea with milk.

Lunch: toasted wheat bread, non-acidic jam or jam, black tea.

Lunch: diet soup, bread.

Dinner: buckwheat krupenik, berry compote.

Buckwheat Krupenik: boil well in plenty of water 200 g buckwheat. Wipe 200 g curd, add a tablespoon of sugar, 100 ml of milk and one egg (mix everything). Combine porridge and curd mass and bake under foil until cooked.

Day three

Breakfast: steamed carrot pancakes, tea.

Lunch: dry biscuits, compote of dried fruits.

Lunch: pearl barley soup, a little sour cream, bread.

Dinner: steamed chicken dumplings, cooked cauliflower.

Day Four

Breakfast: semolina casserole, weak black tea.

Casserole: cook viscous semolina and cool it (200 g groats). Add one and a half eggs, sugar, raisins or crushed prunes to semolina. Beat well and bake in a greased form until tender.

Lunch: dry biscuit, fruit compote.

Lunch: soup with rice and vegetables, separately boiled chicken.

Dinner: boiled couscous with raisins, chamomile or rosehip decoction.

Day five

Breakfast: cereal with milk, tea.

Lunch: a salad of cucumbers, lettuce and carrots.

Lunch: diet borscht, sour cream, bread.

Dinner: vegetable stew, a piece of boiled lean beef.

Sixth day

Breakfast: baked pears with honey, tea.

Lunch: wheat toast with grated curd.

Lunch: milk noodle soup.

Dinner: mashed potatoes, meatballs stewed in sour cream, rosehip decoction.

Seventh day

Breakfast: protein omelet with boiled green beans, tea.

Lunch: salad of dried apricots and grated carrots.

Lunch: soup with oatmeal, carrots and potatoes, bread.

Dinner: meat soufflé, rye bread toasts, chamomile decoction.

Meat soufflé: 200 of boiled beef 2 times mince and mix with 1 yolk. In the mince pour 100 ml of milk and mix. Beat the egg whites in a thick 2 foam and mix them gently with the meat. Cook the soufflé for a couple.

Focusing on the appetite, you can add snacks, lunch and snack. This is a rough menu for the week, you can make your own adjustments or invent personal recipes. The main thing is not to deviate from the rules: there is only fractional warm food from the allowed components.

Table number 5

Diet 5a according to Pevzner is prescribed during periods of exacerbations with pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis. It is used in the case of a combination of these diseases with gastritis and peptic ulcer. The diet provides maximum rest for the liver and gallbladder, spares the gastrointestinal tract, facilitates the work of the biliary tract.

This version of the diet differs from the fifth table even more mechanical and chemical schazheniem. All dishes should be soft, pureed, slimy and mushy. The list of products remains the same only with great limitations.

Soups should be light, with finely chopped or grated vegetables and pureed cereals. You can add boiled vermicelli and a little milk to them. From fruits and vegetables, species with a high fiber content are excluded, the use of quince and pears, as well as all varieties of cabbage, is not recommended.

Millet is prohibited from cereals. It is also not recommended to eat veal and young chickens. From bakery products, it is preferable to eat no more than three pieces per day of dried bread from second-class flour. Desserts and drinks remain the same as in the previous version.

The menu for the 5 table will consist of cereals, boiled vegetables, mashed potatoes (potato, meat) and vegetarian soups. You can cook souffle, jelly, jelly, puddings, steam cutlets and meatballs. It is important to consume the necessary proteins, fats and carbohydrates every day. It is forbidden to starve or eat too much.

Table 5a is prescribed until improvement occurs, then they switch to another diet. It is strongly not recommended to independently adjust the diet during exacerbations of diseases.

Table number 5b

In the treatment of chronic pancreatitis against the background of drug therapy, diet No. 5b (or 5 p31) is used. This option is used in patients at the stage of recovery after an attack of acute pancreatitis or in the remission phase after an exacerbation of chronic. The list of products remains the same as for table 5a. Served meals should be warm and well chopped. The main restrictions concern fatty foods and sugar, which is replaced by sweeteners, preferably stevia.

It is strictly forbidden: alcoholic and carbonated drinks, caffeine, sweets, flour (except wheat dried bread), smoked meats, fried foods, pickles, raw fruits and vegetables. Non-fat dairy products are added to dishes, mashed cottage cheese is allowed (preferably calcined).

The diet consists of 6-7 meals, in small portions. The patient should eat a little food every 3-3,5 hours. Approximately 1500 calories per day. Everything boiled, steamed or baked without a crust in a warm form. Salt is limited (8 g per day).

The rest of the rules remain the same as in the previous versions of table number 5. The main difference is more frequent food intake and increased mechanical sparing. This option can be used for patients with concomitant chronic gastritis.

Table number 5p

After an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, the next stage of table No. 5 is prescribed – diet 5p (or 5p No. 2). Therefore, you need to start introducing this diet no earlier than 7-8 days from the onset of the attack. The diet and the list of products remains exactly the same as in for 5b. The difference in the amount of food consumed per day should be at least 2500 kcal.

Most of the menu should be protein foods: steam omelets, meat patties, dumplings, meatballs, grated cottage cheese, viscous porridge. Protein nuts and beans are excluded, egg yolks should be a maximum of one per day.

It is imperative for each lunch to serve dietary soups without meat. You can eat some white crackers or dried yesterday’s bread. Dairy products can be added to meals (rarely). From desserts – only homemade jelly, kissel, puddings of semolina, berries and vegetables. Vegetable food should be consumed only after heat treatment (raw vegetables, berries, fruits are prohibited).

After improvement, the patient is prescribed the fifth table or another diet. Violating the rules of the diet is highly discouraged, as this can lead to a re-exacerbation of the disease. In diseases of the pancreas, in particular with pancreatitis, diet therapy takes the first place in the treatment. Very often, even with the observance of drug treatment, with an error in nutrition, the patient again has an exacerbation.

So, diet No. 5 according to Pevzner has several options and is aimed at restoring the functioning of the liver and pancreas. Therefore, in diseases of these organs, it is important to follow the rules of table number 5. It is important to completely exclude fatty, fried, salty and canned foods from the diet, as well as fresh flour products, fresh vegetables and fruits, foods enriched with spices and flavorings. Food should be mashed, viscous or well boiled. You need to eat little and often.

Diet rules No. 5 can also be useful to practically healthy people after festive feasts, eating foods high in animal fats and marinades. You can use diet number 5 on your own with periodic breaks. In case of violations of the stool, constant pain in the lower back and stomach, frequent bloating and changes in skin color, you should definitely consult a gastroenterologist.