Water Buffalo – calories and nutrients

Nutritional value and chemical composition.

The energy value is 99 calories.

• oz = 28.35 g (28.1 kcal)
• lb = 453.6 g (449.1 kcal)

• Vitamin B2 participates in oxidation-reduction reactions and promotes the colors’ receptivity by the visual analyzer and dark adaptation. Insufficient intake of vitamin B2 is accompanied by violation of the condition of the skin, mucous membranes, violation of light and twilight vision.
• Vitamin B6 is involved in maintaining an immune response, processes of inhibition and excitation in the Central nervous system, in transformations of amino acids, tryptophan metabolism, lipids, and nucleic acids contributes to normal formation of red blood cells, to maintain normal levels of homocysteine in the blood. A decreased appetite accompanies insufficient intake of vitamin B6, and disorders of the skin, development of found, anemia.
• Vitamin B12 plays an important role in the metabolism and conversion of amino acids. Folate and vitamin B12 are interrelated in vitamins, involved in hematopoiesis. A lack of vitamin B12 leads to the development of partial or secondary folate deficiency and anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
• Vitamin PP participates in redox reactions of energy metabolism. Insufficient intake of vitamins is accompanied by disturbance of the skin’s normal condition, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system.
• Potassium is the primary intracellular ion that participates in the regulation of water, acid, and electrolyte balance, involved in the processes of nerve impulses, regulation of blood pressure.
• Phosphorus takes part in many physiological processes, including energy metabolism, regulates the acid-alkaline balance, amount of phospholipids, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, necessary for mineralization of bones and teeth. Deficiency leads to anorexia, anemia, rickets.
• Copper is part of enzymes with redox activity involved in iron metabolism and stimulates proteins and carbohydrates’ absorption. The processes involved in providing tissues with oxygen. Deficiency is manifested by malformations of the cardiovascular system and skeleton, development of connective tissue dysplasia.
• Selenium – an essential element of the human body’s antioxidant defense system, has immunomodulatory effects, is involved in the regulation of the action of thyroid hormones. Deficiency leads to Kashin-Bek disease (osteoarthritis with multiple joint deformity, spine, and extremities), Kesan (endemic cardiomyopathy), hereditary thrombasthenia.
• Zinc is part of over 300 enzymes involved in the processes of synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, and the regulation of several genes’ expression. Insufficient intake leads to anemia, secondary immunodeficiency, liver cirrhosis, sexual dysfunction, presence of fetal malformations. Research in recent years revealed that high doses of zinc could disrupt copper absorption and thus contribute to the development of anemia.