In recent years, an increase in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been observed in Europe. About 200-300 cases are registered annually in Poland. We can find ticks all over the country, but the most cases of TBE are recorded in two provinces.
Tick-borne encephalitis is a very dangerous zoonotic disease that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the Flaviviridae virus transmitted by ticks. And although ticks are found in every part of Poland, TBE cases mainly affect 30 percent. area of the country, namely two voivodeships: Podlaskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie.
About 45 percent. reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis come from the Podlaskie voivodeship, 25 percent. from the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In addition, KZM was also recorded in the following voivodeships: Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, Świętokrzyskie, Małopolskie, Opolskie and Dolnośląskie, Śląskie, Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomorskie.
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Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis
At first, the symptoms of TBE resemble a cold or the flu. They occur on average 7-14 days after the tick bite. In the first phase of the disease, called the precursor, patients usually develop a fever of up to 38 degrees Celsius, headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Symptoms usually last up to four days.
Then comes a few days of well-being, followed by another fever, this time up to 40 degrees, headaches, muscle and joint pain, nausea and vomiting, as well as the symptoms of the so-called tire, i.e. neck stiffness, photophobia, hypersensitivity to sounds and other stimuli. In its most severe form, tick-borne encephalitis can even cause damage to parts of the spinal cord and paralysis of the limbs.
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How to avoid tick-borne encephalitis?
Vaccination is the most effective method of prophylaxis. They consist of three doses. After administering two doses, its effectiveness is 88-96%, and after three doses it is 96-100%. A booster dose should be taken every few years. Experts advise you to go for vaccinations in early spring.
The National Institute of Public Health reminds that all cases of tick-borne encephalitis are subject to reporting.