The size of the rings for the well: decoding the marking, standard dimensions

One of the easiest ways to make a well for any purpose is to assemble it from concrete or plastic blanks. Concrete is more familiar and reliable, so it is usually a priority. But, in order to determine the design, you need to know the size of the rings for the well. They are defined by the standard, although there are, as usual, a lot of specifications and DSTU.

Types of concrete well rings

Concrete rings are used in the construction of wells for various purposes. Drinking, sewer, waste columns and sedimentation tanks, tanks are collected from them. They also build sewer sedimentation tanks, septic tanks. GOST 8020-90 defines all types of products for the manufacture of networks and wells in particular. Not all of them are used in everyday life. The most commonly used types of rings are:

• KS – wall or through ring. It is a concrete cylinder. Installed one on top of the other, they form a well column. There are different diameters – from 70 cm to 200 cm, with a wall thickness of 5 to 10 cm. There may be:
  • ordinary with a smooth edge, standard wall thickness;
  • with a formed protrusion – for the lock joint;
    

  • reinforced – with a large wall thickness for cases of deep laying;
  • reinforced – with introduced reinforcement.
• KCD – concrete rings with a bottom. They are like a glass with a cast bottom. They are installed during the assembly of sewer wells and sedimentation tanks, septic tanks. Guarantee tightness and speed up installation – no need to pour the bottom plate.
• KCO – support ring. Mounted on the assembled column under the neck. Allows you to bring the well cover to the desired height.
• KO – support ring. It is installed as the foundation of a well. It has a small height, but thick walls.

According to the standard, the walls of the rings can have a technological slope of no more than 1.5%. But at the same time, the wall thickness and the inner diameter in the middle of the height must match the normative ones. In general, even walls, the absence of cavities and cracks are a sign of normal quality.

Floor and base slabs

Even when constructing wells, plates may be needed. Some of them are placed on the bottom, others are closed on top. When constructing drinking wells, concrete slabs are rarely laid – more often they make a house for a well. When assembling septic tanks from well rings, the base plate is often poured, and not laid ready. So you can do without these products, but their use reduces the time of work. In general, in GOST there are such types of plates for wells:

• PN – bottom plate. This is a flat round pancake, which is placed at the bottom of a dug pit.
• PO – base plate. It is a rectangular slab with a round hole in the center. A well is covered with it if a rectangular rather than a round platform is required from above.
  

• PD – road slab. It looks like a software, only it has rectangular dimensions and a large thickness. They put it on the upper ring of the well if it goes out onto the roadway.
• PP – floor slab. This is a round pancake with a round hole for the manhole cover. The hole is offset to one of the edges for easier access.

The standard allows the presence of a bevel on the side faces of plates made in one-piece forms. But the quality of concrete, the absence of cracks, cavities and other serious flaws – all these are signs of normal quality.

How to choose the size

When you have decided on the design of the well, you know what kind of bottom you want, how and with what you will cover the well, the most important thing is to decide on the size of the CC. All other elements are of the same size. They are designed to fit one another. And the number of links is determined based on the required volume or approximately calculated based on the depth of the aquifer. For sedimentation tanks, septic tanks, storm wells, they are considered based on the required storage volume.

If we talk about drinking wells, they are assembled from CS with a diameter of 100 mm (KS-10) to 150 mm (KS-15). A ring with a bottom or a bottom plate is not installed – open access to the aquifer is required. When assembling a well for drains, a sump or a septic tank, it is better to take the lower link immediately with the bottom – and installation is easier and tightness is ensured. Another option is a bottom plate and a KS or KO ring installed on it. KO is set if there is a need to weight the lower part.

The size of the rings for the well according to GOST

For the manufacture of well rings, concrete grade M200 is used. Its components are cement, sand, crushed stone and water. To improve the strength characteristics, steel reinforcement is installed in the mold. Please note that concrete products with reinforcement inside are a separate category. So if you need reinforced concrete rings for the well, they must be looked for separately. Not all factories produce such products.

Marking Interpretation

For drinking wells, only one type of well rings is often used – KS. In the marking, two digits through a dot follow. For example, SC 10.6. The first digit is the inside diameter in decimetres. One decimeter is equal to ten centimeters. To find out the diameter of the ring in centimeters, this first figure must be multiplied by ten (essentially, just add a zero at the end). For example, KS 10.6 – internal section 10 * 10 u100d 15.9 cm. KS 15 – 10 * 150 uXNUMXd XNUMX cm.

The second digit in the marking of the rings for the well is the height in decimeters. The translation is similar: you need to multiply by 10 (add zero after the number), we get centimeters. Consider all the same examples: KS 10.6 – height 60 cm (according to GOST, height 590 mm, that is, 59 cm). For KS 15,9 – the height of the ring is 9 * 10 u90d 890 cm (according to GOST – 89 mm, that is, XNUMX cm).

In the paragraph below there is an excerpt from GOST 8020-90, which indicates the exact dimensions. If you look at the numbers, we see that the height is rounded everywhere in the marking. Shown more than it should be according to the standard. So keep in mind that in fact the height will be 1 cm less. And this is not a deviation, but compliance with GOST. For example, KS 10.6 is 59 cm in height according to the standard, and if deciphered, it turns out 60 cm. This should also be taken into account when measuring.

What are the sizes of well rings

It is customary to determine the size of the rings for the well by the inner diameter. It is he who is indicated when marking. The outer diameter can be larger or smaller – depending on whether the ring is of normal strength or reinforced. The table shows the parameters for products of normal strength.

• SC 7.3 and SC 7.9. Inside size – 70 mm, two heights – 29 cm and 89 cm. They are rarely used, as they are too small. Can be used for small storm systems. But they often put plastic ones there – they are more practical and lighter.
• The next size is meter KS 10.3, KS 10.6 and KS 10.9. The internal section is 100 cm, three possible heights: 29 cm, 59 cm and 89 cm. These are almost the most common dimensions. The optimal size of the KS is 10.6 – they are easier to install than those that are 90 cm.
• The size of the COP 13.9 is rare. For some reason, factories ignore it.
  

• The next running position is one and a half meters in diameter. SC 15.6 and SC 15.9. This ring size is suitable if you need to store large volumes. It is sometimes used for drinking wells, but more often for septic tanks or septic tanks.
• Two-meter well rings are available in three sizes: KS 20.6, KS 20.9 and KS 20.12. They are usually used for septic tanks. Drinking wells are sometimes also collected if it is necessary to ensure a large flow of water. As you can see, here for the first time the height of the ring is 119 cm (in the marking 12 after the dot).
  

• The largest ring size for a well is two and a half meters. COP 25.12. In everyday life, they are rarely used, since it is unrealistic to install them without special equipment.

If we talk about the mass of the rings, then it depends on several factors. The first is the brand of concrete, the type of aggregate. The second is the number and dimensions (mass) of the reinforcement. The third is the wall thickness. So each manufacturer has its own mass. Above is a table of one of the plants. Please note: the wall thickness is indicated from 70 cm to 100 cm. If you look at the GOST table, there is a minimum wall thickness of 14 cm for KS 7. For KS 10 it is already 16 cm, and then 18 cm, 20 cm. So those , which will be manufactured according to the standard, will be about twice as heavy.

How to check the size of the rings for the well according to GOST

Choosing a well ring manufacturer is usually a headache. There are usually several manufacturers of different sizes. Whom to give preference to? You can collect reviews from neighbors and so choose a couple of manufacturers. Then it’s worth a ride and see with your own eyes, because everyone has their own “normal quality”. What to look for and how to inspect well rings? Here is how the same GOST defines the test.

Measurements are taken along two perpendicular diameters. This means that one of the points is chosen. The second one will be located opposite it, and the other two on the perpendicular (a straight line drawn at an angle of 90 ° – as in the figure).

• At four points located in pairs opposite each other, the wall thickness is measured. Moreover, it is desirable to check this parameter from below and from above. If the rings are locking, the tenon / groove parameters are also checked – they must match. And it is necessary to control both from above and from below.
• Also at four points, check the height of the ring.

Plates and rings are checked using the same method. Four points are selected – two on perpendicular lines and measurements are taken at them. The measured values ​​must match. Permissible deviations – no more than 1,5%.

Which are better and how to determine the quality

There are two technologies for the production of concrete rings: vibrocasting and vibrocompression. In the first case, concrete is poured into collapsible forms, compacted with a submersible vibrator and left to set. This usually happens after 6-8 hours. Then the molds are removed and the rings are left to “ripen” so that they gain strength sufficient for sale – 50%. You can mount them after 28 days, so it’s better not to buy “fresh” rings. Another point: in the last days of aging, cracks may appear. So it is best to purchase well rings “aged” in the warehouse. As you can see, the technology is simple, except for the molds there is no equipment. This allows you to open small workshops that make these products. In this case, the quality depends entirely on who kneads and fills the molds.

For the manufacture of well rings by vibrocompression, special equipment is required. Not only forms, but also the vibropress itself. It creates a certain pressure and vibration frequency at each stage of the process. The result is a more uniform concrete, smooth and even edges, a perfectly formed edge or lock. But the price is higher – more expensive equipment.