A newly discovered mutation in a gene called unc-79 in mice underlies alcohol dependence, possibly in humans as well, according to scientists from the US in the journal PLoS Genetics.
Previous studies on invertebrates have already indicated that the gene called unc-79 is associated with increased susceptibility to the effects of anesthetics, including alcohol. In their latest research, Dr. David Spec’s group found that a mutation in the mouse version of the gene causes mice to become intoxicated more quickly, and also to drink more alcohol than water if they have a choice. This specific mutation was called Lightweight.
The function of the unc-79 gene is not well understood yet, but studies on nematodes indicate that a product of the gene interacts with a channel called NALCN in neurons, thereby influencing the nervous system’s response to alcohol.
Research involving human twins suggests that alcoholism has a genetic basis, scientists believe that many genes most likely cooperate during the development of addiction. The authors of the study emphasize that it is now necessary to check whether the discovered relationship between unc-79 and the NALCN channel with alcoholism also occurs in humans.
So far, no one has studied these genes in humans – explains Speca. Perhaps the mechanism we have discovered is part of an unknown biochemical pathway and will teach us something new about human susceptibility to alcohol dependence. (PAP)