Contents
Good day my readers! Today I want to tell you about how our inner self is formed. Theories of personality in psychology are based on the factors of its formation and development. In the process of modern analysis, the emphasis is on the integration of data from different schools, which ultimately gives a complete and voluminous picture that reflects the characteristics of human development. This model provides for the influence of both biological factors (genetic characteristics, regular stages of physiological formation) and psychological (social characteristics, individual experience, etc.).
According to modern theory, the formation of personality is a gradual process. In which each step is accompanied by certain crises, internal changes, new formations, as well as the transformation of interaction with the outside world.
Age stages of personality formation
The phases of personality development, based on age periodization, affect several aspects of development at once: biological, psychological and social. This fully reflects the perception of man as a biosocial being capable of actively changing the course of history and his own life.
The formation and development of personality goes through the following stages:
- desire for communication or removal from people (formed in the first year of life). The main one is direct, emotion-based communication with adults;
- acquisition of independence and confidence (formed by the age of 3). This provides a subject activity that provides an understanding of the surrounding objects;
- active study of the surrounding world, which is facilitated by a high level of curiosity, the development of communication and labor abilities (fully formed by the age of 13). These skills are trained through role-playing and learning activities;
- puberty and life definition, both in the sphere of values and in the profession (up to 20 years). The main points are intimate communication and educational and professional activities;
- realization of one’s own capabilities and plans, enjoyment of the achieved results, active upbringing of children, if any (up to 60 years old);
- active creative activity, analysis of one’s own life, actions, rethinking of one’s whole life.
Based on this periodization, pay attention to the fact that a personality in psychology is not considered as a static structure, but can only go through various stages of its formation.
Factors and directions of personality development
Psychology studies what factors and how they influence the processes of development and formation of personality. There are 3 main parameters that have a direct impact on the formation of personality:
- Genetics — determines the innate presence of abilities or inclinations, as well as some limitations due to biological factors;
- Society — has an indirect, but rather strong influence, both on the development of the individual and on the path of its further formation. The closest social group can be considered as tools through which the development of the necessary skills is carried out, and the rest of society is rather a potential opportunity for the development of certain personality traits;
- Education and upbringing organized by state and family systems, as opposed to the spontaneous influence of the environment. This factor is the most significant in the implementation of the social orientation of human activity, which is inextricably included in the concept of personality along with mental and biological.
Of these factors, education plays the most important role. It is an active guiding vector, not an exclusively existing and predetermined premise.
Development directions:
- physical — implies a complex of many indicators. Such as morphology (weight, height, volumes), physiology (blood circulation, metabolic processes, puberty, etc.), biochemistry (composition of body tissues), as well as their changes;
- mental — mastery of higher mental functions (various types of thinking, directed memory, volitional skills). The ability to recognize and translate emotions, express needs and personality traits;
- social — is directly related to the mental. But also the concept of spirituality, morality (morality) and intellect (the ability to expand and deepen knowledge) is added here.
A constantly emerging contradiction between what is available at the moment and what is necessary or desirable to do and have pushes a person towards transformation. This can be referred to as a physical realm where the need to learn how to get food on one’s own motivates one to develop walking skills. In social terms, the contradiction between the desire to be accepted by society and express one’s own thoughts can give rise to creative ideas of adaptation, the study of the psychological characteristics of people, as well as one’s own psychological trauma.
Personal maturity
Features of human development imply the presence of factors that determine maturity, both as a holistic concept of personality and its individual components. Many authors correlate the criteria of maturity, and, accordingly, a certain final stage in the development of certain functions with age and mental maturity.
Despite the fact that the formation of a personality is a continuous and long process throughout life, there are a number of factors that determine a kind of plateau of maturity, after which the individual path of development begins.
The foundations of personal maturity include:
- Responsibility for one’s own behavior, decisions made, as well as the immediate environment, with which the maximum number of contacts occurs. Responsibility is formed only when infantilism leaves, as a sign of maturity that has not yet been formed. This concept implies not only the burden for one’s behavior, but also the freedom to choose the necessary paths or desired options for the course of events;
- Tolerance as the most pronounced social quality that helps to establish harmonious relations. In addition, patience is seen as a personal manifestation, due to which results are possible that require long work;
- Self-development and self-actualization, which are the main driving factors for continuous development and further deepening and expansion of knowledge. It is rather an internal need, and not a duty due to external requirements, as is expressed in an undeveloped internal structure;
- Positive in relation to the world external and internal, as well as to ongoing events.
Conclusion
Personality in psychology and its formation imply constant movement and development, where some stages are mandatory and predetermined by biological factors and social laws. At the same time, the development of personality and its direction can acquire absolutely any individual form.
In modern society, the main role in the formation is played by the social environment. However, the forms of influence have changed somewhat, including not only direct education, but also the influence of the interactive environment of interaction.
See you, friends! Come here often, I’m preparing a lot of interesting things for you!
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