The distance between buildings on the sections of IZhS and SNT

An important issue, ignorance of which often leads to conflict situations, is still the distance between buildings on the plots of IZhS and SNT. Before the construction of any building, you should familiarize yourself with the main documents that have legal authority and in the future be strictly guided by them.

The use of land plots for individual housing construction or in the territories of a gardening non-profit partnership implies compliance with established sanitary and fire safety standards, as well as several regulations, for greater convenience, collected in SNiPs.

Consequences for non-compliance

With a clear disregard for the rules, which prescribe the distance between buildings or structures of a different nature, violators will face serious administrative fines. And also the owner of a private territory can part with part of his funds, because the state authorities have the right to demand the demolition of the building if it is in the wrong location.

Main regulatory documents for IZHS and SNT sections

Before starting the construction of a site for individual housing construction, you should familiarize yourself with such a regulatory document as SNiP 31-02-2001. This system was called “Single-apartment residential houses” and entered into legislative force on January 1, 2002. To this day, SNiP 31-02-2001 is still relevant, since more modern documents have not been drawn up, with the exception of some amendments made on May 26, 2004.

For sites on the territory of SNT, several other norms are provided, namely:

1. Current SP 53.13330.2019 “Planning and development of the territory of gardening by citizens. Buildings and constructions”. Outdated SP 53.13330.2011, which became an updated version of SNiP 30.02.97.
2. Federal Law No. 217-FZ. Law No. 66 became invalid on 01.01.2019/29.07.2017/217 due to the publication of a new Federal Law of XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX NXNUMX-FZ “On the conduct of gardening and horticulture by citizens for their own needs.”

The set of rules 53.13330.2011 “Planning and development of territories of gardening (country) associations of citizens, buildings and structures” was put into effect on May 20, 2011. Federal Law No. 66 “On horticultural, horticultural and dacha non-profit associations of citizens” is more versatile, but it has a list of basic concepts for building SNT, therefore it requires additional clarification by other SNiPs or documents, up to narrowly focused orders of local authorities.

Also important is the document related to both the development of IZHS and SNT sites: SNiP 2.07.01-89, registered by Rosstandart as SP 42.13330.2010. The name of SNiP has not changed: “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements.

How to correctly measure the distance between buildings

Before you know the norms of the relevant documents, you need to understand the correct measurement of the segments between buildings and buildings. Regulates the subtleties of this procedure SP 53.13330.2019.

The distance from one building to another, or from a building to the border of an adjacent plot, is measured from the basement, if any part of it protrudes above the ground. In the case of a strong deepening of the base, all measurements are taken from the wall of the building.

Important! Measurements from the walls can only be taken if there are no excessively (more than 50 cm) protruding parts of the building. For example, if the roof canopy is too long, the distance should not be measured from the wall of the house, but from the vertical projection of the canopy.

Another important point: if a house with a sloping roof is being built at a distance of less than one meter from a neighboring site, then it is necessary to design a high-quality rainwater runoff so that it does not fall on the land of the neighbors, but this will be discussed in more detail later in the article.

Fire safety

Strict adherence to fire safety standards is an important criterion for any construction on a land plot, and the distance between residential buildings or utility buildings plays a decisive role in this.

There is no important information in SNiP 31-02-2001, only a prerequisite for the next regulatory document, namely SNiP 2. 07. 01.

SNiP 2.07.01 answers the question about the distance between buildings in an accessible and understandable way with Appendix No. 1 “Fire Protection Requirements”, among the points of which the most important are the following:

• The permissible distance between houses of I or II degree of fire resistance (almost all residential buildings whose height does not exceed 3 floors) is 6 m. This segment can be reduced, but only if the wall of a higher building is made of fire-resistant materials.
• The distance from a building of I or II degree of fire resistance of one land plot to a building of I or II degree of fire resistance of an adjacent land plot must be at least 6 meters. If the degree of fire resistance is III, then the distance increases to 8 meters. About fences located between buildings, SNiP is not indicated.
  

• Both between residential and between outbuildings within the same land plot, the distance is not standardized.
• And also the distance between sheds, garages and baths located outside the site is not standardized by regulatory documents, but only if the total area of ​​the built-up land plot does not exceed 800 m².

Otherwise, SNiP 2.07.01 does not have useful information related to segments and distances between buildings.

Fire distances according to SP 4.13130.2013

The topic of fire safety (and other useful information: territory, borders, list of basic documents of SNT) is much more deeply touched upon in the set of rules SP 4.13130.2013, namely in table 1:

It should be clarified that the data in the table refer only to buildings located on different land plots. Fire distances between buildings and structures in the same area are not standardized in any way.

Sanitary conditions

A separate item in SNiPs: the distance between buildings in accordance with sanitary rules. The information in this section is slightly different from the PB item.

Clause 6.7 of rules 53.13330.2019 indicates a clear distance from various buildings to the line of the neighboring site, namely:

• From a residential building, regardless of its number of storeys – at least 3 meters.
• From small buildings of a small household nature, for example, a poultry shed – at least 4 m.
• Domestic premises, as well as buildings of any other type – 1 m.

We should not forget about the norms when planting trees and shrubs, because according to the same paragraph, from the trunk of a tall tree to the border of a neighboring plot, it should be 4 m, the average height should be at least 2 m, and any shrubs can be planted on a segment of 1m.

Important! When attaching a garage or a poultry shed to a house, the distance from the house itself to the neighboring land plot must be at least 3 meters, from the garage – at least 1 m, and from the barn – 4 m. This condition should be especially taken into account. at the stage of designing buildings on their territory.

If fire safety standards did not regulate the distance between buildings on their site, then sanitary standards require several other segments between buildings from land owners in SNT.

1. From a residential building to a separate (not adjacent to the house itself) shower or bath – 8 m.
2. From the residential building to the toilet – 8 m.
3. From a well or well to a toilet – 8 m. The same distance to a compost pit or septic tank.

When building a garage or a small shed for poultry to the house, the distance from the house to the neighboring land should be at least 3 meters, from the garage – 1 m, and from the barn – 4 m.

Sanitary and household standards do not particularly affect the location of garages, and paragraph 6.11 indicates that buildings for parking and storing cars can be made both free-standing and built-in or attached to any type of building.

Engineering Requirements

Engineering arrangement of a land plot involves the installation of a properly designed water supply system for both drinking and household needs. Engineering codes also cover such critical areas of life as sewage disposal structures. For example, the general sewage flow in the SNT, if any, should be at least 20 m from residential buildings.

A separate point is the correct placement of heating devices and heating devices. Often in residential buildings on the territory of SNT, gas systems are installed, which are based on the use of gas cylinders. Cylinders with a volume of 12 liters or more must be installed in separate outbuildings (in case of an explosion) from non-combustible material. If there is no possibility of building such a building, then the norms allow the operation of a cylinder in a metal box located at a distance of at least 5 m from the entrance door to a residential building.

Drainage of rainwater into the territory of neighbors, for example, due to a too wide roof slope, can lead to litigation. To exclude such a situation, the distance from the horizontal projection of the roof to the neighboring area should be set at least 1 m. If there are any features and the impossibility of such a distance, it is necessary to design a reliable drainage system.

What should be the distance from the buildings to the street

If, if the distances between the buildings of neighboring land plots are not respected, you can only get off with an administrative fine, then the wrong distance between the public area and private buildings may well lead to the demolition of the building. In this case, the owner of the site is not only responsible for violating the letter of the law, but also for ignoring safety rules.

The residential building must be located at least 5 meters from the street line. If there is a passage nearby, then this distance is reduced to 3. The distance from an outbuilding (a barn, a house for poultry or small livestock, a bathhouse) to the red line of the street or crossing is at least 5 meters.

In order to find out the location of the lines of streets or driveways, they look at the plan or map of the area, which must be in the management of the SNT.

Several lines in SNiP describe the placement of a place for a car: a garage or a carport for a vehicle can be installed from the side of the street or driveway. But before carrying out such construction, it should be approved and certified by the SNT board.

About the general building and fences

Before building a new structure on your territory, in order to avoid such a common mistake as “the number of buildings beyond measure”, you should familiarize yourself with clause 6.11 of SP 53.13330.2019:

The average territory of a SNT land plot can range from 0,06 to 0,12 ha. At the same time, it is allowed to build structures on this site in an amount not exceeding 30% of the total area. In this case, paths and hard-surfaced areas such as concrete, brick or decorative stone are also equated to the concept of structures.

Often conflict situations between neighbors arise after the installation of fences, and this is due to the capture of a small (or, conversely, quite extensive) piece of foreign territory. To avoid such problems, before installing or moving the fence, refer to the guidance documentation or consult with the SNT management.

Clause 6.2 of SP 53.13330.2019 advises SNT landowners to install mesh fences on their plots and only by agreement with neighbors (carried out in advance and certified in writing) is it allowed to build more serious and massive protective frames.

Subject to the distance between the buildings and the fence, it is necessary to take the information in table No. 2, which is shown in the paragraph “Fire distances”. Enclosing structures are placed at a distance of 10, 12 and 15 m from other buildings, depending on the material from which they are made. There is no more information about fences and barriers in other regulatory sources.