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The main goal of every gardener who grows sweet bell peppers on their plots is to get a tasty and big harvest. One of the main criteria for choosing planting material is the adaptation of seeds for sowing and growing in a particular climatic zone. The best varieties of sweet pepper for central Our Country are well-established varieties and hybrids that are resistant to sharp fluctuations in temperature, high humidity, diseases and pests characteristic of these regions.
Planting material processing
Despite the fact that foreign and domestic breeders are trying to breed varieties whose seeds have already been disinfected and prepared for sowing, it is necessary to carry out control processing of planting material for planting in central Our Country. Such preventive work will make it possible to reduce the risks of morbidity and increase the rapid germination of the seed.
The pre-treatment of planting material includes the following activities:
- Calibration grains by immersing them in a saline solution. Seeds are lowered into a spacious container with a solution for just a few minutes. Poor-quality planting material, as a rule, pops up. The one that remains at the bottom of the container can be prepared for sowing.
- Sorting. After drying the seeds remaining at the bottom, sort out, selecting for further use only the most even and largest seeds without visible defects.
- disinfection. This is a mandatory event for any planting material, regardless of whether it was carried out by the manufacturer, since the seeds could be stored in places with high humidity and be susceptible to fungi or viruses. The procedure is carried out by immersing the grains in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After 15-20 minutes, the material is removed and washed in warm running water.
- Zamachivanie. Another very important stage of preparatory work, which allows you to speed up the processes of hatching and germination.
- growth stimulation. Recently, this procedure has received well-deserved recognition from gardeners growing sweet peppers in central Our Country. Planting material is soaked in nutrient solutions and biostimulants, which increase the activity of the processes of hatching and rapid growth of seedlings.
- Hardening. Since the middle zone of Our Country is a climatic zone with unstable spring weather and gradual warming of the air and soil, sweet pepper seeds are hardened. Having placed the planting material in a small container with a tight-fitting lid, it is sent to the refrigerator and kept there for 2-3 days.
- Bubbling. It is carried out at the end of the preparatory complex and consists in the fact that the planting material is, as it were, “calcined”, acting on it with high temperatures.
If you decide to conduct pre-sowing activities, follow a strict sequence. For example, seeds should not be soaked and then immersed in disinfection solutions, or sparged before hardening.
How and when to plant in central Our Country
The first thing that every novice gardener and agrarian needs to remember is that pepper is a heat-loving crop. How and when you plant seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse will determine the period and timing of the growing season, as well as how large and high-quality the crop will be.
For the middle regions of Our Country, farmers offer a list of recommendations that must be used when planting:
- The place of cultivation must be chosen so that it is protected from the northern gusty wind.
- The soil for planting bell pepper is prepared in advance, removing it from excess debris and weeds.
- If you plant pepper in the second stage, pay attention to the fact that the best yields are obtained in those beds where legumes or root crops grew before it.
- The soil must be loosened before planting, providing sufficient drainage, but not overdoing it, since the soil must retain the amount of moisture necessary for the plant;
- In each square meter of the prepared substrate, add 1 cup of wood ash, 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate and a teaspoon of urea. It is advisable to do this while digging the beds.
As a rule, all varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper have fairly long growing seasons, so it is necessary to sow seeds for seedlings as early as mid or late February. In the second half of May, seedlings can be transferred to open ground.
For central Our Country, there is a standard scheme for planting seedlings – 30×30 cm. If forecasts indicate a possible return of frosts in the air and on the soil, cover the newly transplanted seedlings with plastic, film or special covering material.
The best varieties of peppers for open ground
In the open ground of central Our Country, early hybrids and varieties of sweet pepper are planted, which form fruits in the shortest possible time. This is due to the fact that the summer in the regions is cool, and there are not so many warm fine days.
Asti
Magnificent large-fruited early grade of the Italian selection. It is used for cultivation not only in central Our Country, but also in Western Siberia. It is well adapted to lower temperatures in the air and sudden cold snaps on the soil.
The bush is compact, undersized in open ground conditions can reach a height of 50-60 cm, in greenhouses – up to 70 cm. The fruits have the correct cuboid shape, juicy, with a dense greenish-yellow skin. The growing season does not exceed 100 days. During the harvest period, the mass of one pepper is 200-250 g, with a wall thickness of up to 1 cm.
It is sown for seedlings in the last days of February. When 2-3 true leaves appear, the plant dives, and a week before being transferred to open ground, it must be hardened. The planting scheme of the Asti variety is 40×60 cm. In the process of growth and fruiting, it is demanding on loosening the soil and top dressing. From 1m2 harvest up to 10 kg of fruit.
Arap
The variety is intended for growing in greenhouse conditions and in open areas of the garden under film cover. The plant does not exceed 70 cm in height, therefore it belongs to the category of undersized. “Arap” refers to early ripe varieties, with a full growing season of 110 days.
The fruits are cone-shaped, in the process of growth they are painted in lilac color, in the period of full maturity – in red. The average weight of one pepper is 90-110 g, with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm. The main distinguishing characteristics of this variety are universal use in cooking and complete resistance to HTP. Up to 4-5 kg of sweet and juicy fruits are removed from one bush of the Arap variety.
Antiquary
Red sweet Bulgarian pepper recommended for cultivation in central Our Country. Bush “Antikvara” belongs to the category of medium-sized plants, during the period of stunting it can reach a height of 1,2 m. It gives good yields (up to 9-10 kg per 1 m2) in greenhouses and under film shelters.
The fruits are painted in rich red color, have the correct shape of a prism. The skin is thick and glossy. The average weight of one Antiquarian pepper is 250 gr., with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm.
“Antiquarian” is valued among farmers due to its versatility. Its fruits are used for canning, freezing and cooking. Due to the high content of vitamin C in them, they are widely used in children’s and dietary nutrition.
Annushka
A beautiful yellow pepper with a regular prismatic shape and a sweet juicy taste. The plant belongs to the category of medium-sized, early ripe. The first harvest can be harvested already on the hundredth day after the seed has hatched.
Distinctive features of the Annushka variety are resistance to heat and irregular watering. That is why the plant is well suited for growing not only in central Our Country, but also in its southern regions. The weight of one pepper in the period of full maturity can reach 130-150 grams, while the fruit wall is never thicker than 5-6 mm. In harvest months from 1m2 you can collect up to 10 kg of fruit.
Boyarin
An early ripe variety of Bulgarian sweet pepper, bred by breeders specifically for the regions of central Our Country, adapted to low temperatures in the air and on the soil, and resistant to Fusarium.
The plant is compact, does not exceed 65-70 cm at full stop of growth. The fruits are green in color in the process of ripening, and red in biological maturity. The weight of one boyar pepper is from 100 to 160 grams. From 1m2 during the harvest period, up to 5 kg of fruit can be removed.
Vesuvius
An early ripe variety of sweet pepper intended for growing in greenhouses and outdoors. The plant does not grow more than 80-90 cm, is resistant to low temperatures, high air and soil humidity, TMV lesions.
The fruits may be light green or red. The mass of one pepper in the period of full ripening is 130-150g, with a wall thickness of up to 7 mm. With proper care and regular additional nutrition, up to 4-5 kg of crop is harvested from one bush.
Good man
This is one of the very early thick-walled varieties of sweet peppers with very early growing seasons. The first fruits of “Dobryak” can be removed already on the 90th day after the seed is hatched. The plant is powerful, but compact, the height of the bush does not exceed 80 cm. The fruits are rounded, the skin is colored red or green, sweet and juicy, without bitterness.
Distinctive features of the variety are high resistance to viral and fungal diseases, “friendly” productivity. From 1m2 in the process of harvesting fruits, up to 13-14 kg of pepper can be removed.
Yemelya
This variety deservedly received the title of the best pepper for open ground in central Our Country. The plant belongs to early ripening (vegetation period 110 days) and compact. The height of the bush does not exceed 70 cm in open areas and 1 meter in greenhouse conditions.
“Emelya” is a universal Bulgarian pepper used for salads and cooking, canning, freezing. In the period of full ripening, the fruits are painted in a bright orange color. The skin is dense, with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm. The average weight of one pepper is 100-120 g, while up to 8 kg of fruit can be removed from one bush.
Early varieties of pepper for planting in the open ground of central Our Country represent a wide range of products. In addition to those listed above, these include “Boatswain”, “Hippo”, “Jung”, “Freckle”, “Nafanya”, and many others.
Hybrids and varieties for greenhouses and greenhouses
Foreign and domestic selection every new season pleases gardeners with new planting material for growing vegetables in greenhouses and greenhouses. Hybrids of sweet pepper and varieties of hot pepper have early germination, high yield, and resistance to changing climatic and weather conditions.
When choosing seeds of Bulgarian pepper and its varieties for central Our Country, pay attention to those that combine taste, early maturity and high yield. Farmers recommend the following varieties for growing in greenhouses:
Blondie F1
A hybrid of sweet pepper for growing in greenhouse conditions and on open ground using stationary film shelters. The variety belongs to mid-season, the height of the bush does not exceed 90 cm, and the growing season is only 110 days.
The fruits are even, prism-shaped, in the period of full ripening they have a rich yellow color. The weight of one pepper is from 130 to 150 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 7 mm. Distinctive features of the Blondie hybrid are resistance to acidic soils and TMV diseases. When grown in greenhouses, it tolerates drought, high temperatures and humidity well. Up to 8 kg of juicy and dense pepper are removed from one bush.
Goodwin F1
The hybrid belongs to early ripe, tall and high-yielding varieties for cultivation in central Our Country. The height of the bush in greenhouse conditions sometimes exceeds 2,5 m. The plant requires additional supports and garters. In addition, “Goodwin” is a moisture-loving variety that requires abundant and regular watering. The growing season lasts 110-115 days.
The fruits are red or dark green in color, have an even prismatic shape. The average weight of one pepper is 220-250 gr, with a wall thickness of up to 10 mm. With proper care, “Goodwin” gives high yields – up to 10 kg of tasty and juicy fruits are removed from one bush.
Cardinal F1
Low-growing compact hybrid with an early period of fruit ripening. The first harvest can be taken already on the 90th day after the seed has hatched. The height of the bush during the growth stop period, even in greenhouse conditions, does not exceed 60 cm, but, despite this, Cardinal gives fairly high yields. From 1m2 you can remove up to 15 kg of delicious, fleshy peppers.
The fruits are even, cube-shaped. The skin is smooth, glossy, painted in light purple. The average weight of one sweet pepper can be 250-270 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 1 cm. The distinctive features of the hybrid are the exactingness of regular feeding with mineral and organic fertilizers, resistance to TMV, fungal and putrefactive infections.
Latino F1
The hybrid belongs to early ripening, with a bush height of up to 1,3 meters. “Latino” has excellent taste and has a fairly presentable presentation. The fruits are bright red in color, have the correct cuboid shape. During the period of full ripening, the mass of one Latino pepper can reach 200-220 g, with an average wall thickness of 1 cm.
The main features of the hybrid – the plant has a powerful stem and a strong root system. “Latino” is resistant to temperature extremes, immune to TMV, fungal infections. Up to 10 kg of juicy and tasty fruits are harvested from one bush during the harvesting period.
Conclusion
When choosing planting material for planting in central Our Country, it must be remembered that each plant in open areas or under film and carbonate cover requires an individual approach. Pay attention to the variety descriptions on the packaging, consult with experienced gardeners and farmers on the proper care and nutrition of sweet peppers.
And more about the secrets of growing bell pepper, watch the video:
