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For optimal use of greenhouse areas when growing tomatoes, it is necessary to combine determinant and indeterminate varieties.
Determinate varieties of tomatoes differ from indeterminate varieties in that they contain a stop in growth after reaching genetically programmed limits. While indeterminate ones can grow as long as the weather permits. In greenhouses, this means practically non-stop growth.
Determinate varieties of tomatoes are usually not very productive compared to indeterminate varieties and are not tall, so they are planted either in low greenhouses or along the perimeter of high greenhouses, where the roof drops.
In high greenhouses closer to the center, indeterminate varieties are planted, allowing you to harvest for several months.
Determinate varieties have an advantage over indeterminate varieties in terms of ripening. They ripen before the second. Their disadvantage is that the fruiting period is limited.
They try to choose determinant varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses not only taking into account the yield and size of the fruit, but also for resistance to diseases, which is especially important when grown in greenhouses, where it is difficult to withstand the necessary conditions of humidity and temperature. In greenhouses, there may be a lack of lighting or too low a temperature, temperature drops can be much sharper than natural ones. High humidity often causes fungal diseases of plants. At the same time, tomato bushes should give a stable harvest.
Given these conditions, the requirements that apply to determinant varieties grown in greenhouses are much stricter than those for varieties for open ground. The undisputed leaders of determinant tomato varieties for greenhouses are f1 hybrids, bred taking into account all the necessary qualities.
Determinate hybrids for greenhouses
Bourgeois F1
The hybrid was bred in Odessa. Equally well grows in greenhouse conditions and in the open air in the south of Our Country and in the Middle lane. To the north, “Bourgeois” can only be grown indoors.
When selling this variety, different companies may designate it as early or mid-ripening, so you should focus on the growing season. At “Bourgeois” from the moment of planting seedlings to the ability to collect the first ripe fruits, it takes 105 days.
The hybrid is determinant. Shtambovye bushes, tall. Height 80-120 cm. In the south they can grow up to 1,5 m. The size of tomatoes is average, weight up to 200 g. The very first ones can grow up to 400 g.
The variety is very well suited for canning. Due to the successful ratio of acids and sugars in the fruits, delicious juice is obtained from Bourgeois.
The disadvantages of this hybrid include brittle branches that require mandatory tying.
Productivity from 7 to 12 kg per m² (with good care). The planting density is 3-4 bushes per meter. For cultivation on an industrial scale, the hybrid is not recommended due to the lack of a guarantee of a high yield. “Bourgeois” is intended for personal subsidiary plots.
Advantages of “Bourgeois”
The main advantages of “Bourgeois” are noted by both professionals and amateur gardeners:
- high keeping quality of fruits;
- resistance to temperature fluctuations;
- relative drought tolerance;
- immunity to TMV, verticillium, as well as black leg and vertex rot;
- the versatility of using tomatoes.
When growing a variety, it must be fed with complex fertilizers and protected from pests, since, with all the resistance to fungi and viruses, the plant is not able to resist the spider mite, Colorado potato beetle or slugs.
Openwork F1
The fruit ripening time for the hybrid is similar to that of Bourgeois and is 105 days. “Azhur” is a standard determinant plant up to 90 cm high. It is included in the state register of the Federation and recommended for cultivation in greenhouse conditions and in open beds.
The fruits are medium, weighing up to 280 g. The very first tomatoes can grow almost twice as large.
The advantages of the variety include a consistently high yield, thanks to which it is recommended for industrial cultivation and is loved by summer residents. Initially, it was bred as a greenhouse crop for the northern regions of Our Country. In the open air, it can be grown in the southern regions, where it shows a good yield. In the Trans-Ural regions, the hybrid is grown exclusively in greenhouses.
Resistant to the most common greenhouse diseases of tomatoes.
The hybrid forms ovaries in bunches of 5 fruits each. There can be up to 4 bunches on one branch. If you need to get large fruits, you need to leave no more than 3 ovaries in a bunch, and 2 bunches on a branch. For a season with 1 m² you can get up to 12 kg of tomatoes.
The variety is universal: it can be processed into juice and tomato paste or consumed fresh.
Like any high-yielding plant, “Azhur” has an increased need for mineral and organic supplements.
Doll Masha F1
Hybrid designed for greenhouses. Bush determinant, up to 90 cm high, standard. Recommended for cultivation in all regions of Our Country, as it grows in greenhouses. Hybrid yield up to 8 kg/m². Needs sustenance.
The fruits are pink, weighing up to 250 g. The ovaries are formed in bunches of 5 pieces each. Tomatoes have excellent keeping quality.
Also, the positive qualities of the variety include resistance to tomato diseases.
Olga F1
The best variety for commercial cultivation. Recommended for greenhouses, where it can grow all year round. It is cold-resistant, early maturing, resistant to diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse. A super determinant shrub, great for glass and polycarbonate greenhouses.
On each node it forms three brushes of inflorescences, located 1-2 leaves from each other. There are up to 9 ovaries in each brush. The ovaries can be formed at rather low temperatures (+7-13°C).
Sweet and sour fruits weigh 135 g. The variety differs from other tomatoes in the even size of the fruit: a diameter of about 65 mm. It is preferred for fresh consumption, it is also suitable for processing.
Yield up to 25 kg/m².
Fans of large-fruited determinant tomato varieties for greenhouses can pay attention to the following varieties. The pulp of these varieties is most often fleshy, well suited for salads, but there is little juice in it.
Large-fruited varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses
Alsou
One of the best tomatoes for greenhouses. Derived in the current century, a determinant tomato variety, the height of which is 0,8 m. It is not a standard, therefore it requires the formation of a bush in two or three stems and pinching.
The variety is not a hybrid, which means that seeds can be collected for planting next year. Early ripe. It takes only 90 days from the moment of sowing to the harvest of the first fruits.
Recommended for indoor and outdoor cultivation in Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as in the Urals. In more northern regions, the variety is grown only in greenhouse conditions.
The fruits are red when ripe, but the color is not saturated. The weight of a tomato can reach 500 g, which is why the Alsu bushes require garters. Otherwise, they may break under the weight of the tomatoes. The taste of the fruit is sweet, without sourness. You can collect up to 9 kg of fruit per sq. m.
“Alsu” forms single ovaries, in contrast to the beam varieties. In general, the variety is universal, consumed fresh and suitable for conservation.
The disadvantages of the variety are:
- weakness of young seedlings and seedlings;
- unsuitability for canning whole fruits: it does not pass into the standard neck of the jar.
Advantages of “Alsu”:
- high resistance to the most common diseases;
- large fruits;
- excellent taste of fruits;
- the possibility of long-term storage;
- good transportability.
Doll F1
A newly bred determinant hybrid that has already managed to enter the top ten varieties grown indoors. The bush is only 0,7 m high, but the fruits can weigh up to 400 g, and there is more than one tomato on the branch, so the bush needs to be tied up. The yield of the variety is up to 9 kg per sq. m.
Seeds of hybrids of the second generation are split into parental forms, and the effect of heterosis, which makes it possible to obtain such luxurious fruits, disappears. In the case of hybrids, an annual purchase of seeds from the manufacturer is justified.
Fruits of pink color of a classical round form. A tomato contains an average of 5 chambers. The pulp is fleshy, sweet. The content of saccharides in the fruits of the hybrid is up to 7%.
The purpose is universal. “Failed” small fruits are well suited for conservation.
“Doll” has good keeping quality and transportability.
Spring of the North F1
Determinate tomato variety intended for cultivation in unheated greenhouses in the zone of risky farming from SeDeK. Early ripe. Fruits up to 350 g, pink. The pulp is fleshy, juicy.
Bush up to 0,6 m high. The yield of the variety is up to 8 kg per square. m. Resistant to verticillium.
Pride of Siberia
Siberians have one peculiarity: they suffer from gigantomania a little. And varieties of tomatoes of Siberian selection confirm this.
The determinant bush of the Pride of Siberia variety reaches a height of one and a half meters. Fruits can weigh 950 g, usually do not exceed 850 g. Ripe tomatoes are red.
The variety is early maturing. From planting seedlings to the first ripe fruits, 95 days pass. “Pride of Siberia” can be grown in open ground, although it grows much better in greenhouses. Since the variety was originally intended for greenhouses, it is recommended for cultivation in all regions of Our Country. In the south, it can be grown in open ground.
One bush can bring 5 kg of tomatoes. With a planting density of 4-5 bushes per meter, up to 1 kg of tomatoes can be removed from 25 m². Theoretically, the variety is universal. It is good fresh, suitable for making juice or paste. The idea of winter harvesting can meet only one obstacle: too large a fruit that cannot be preserved entirely. But it will be good in assorted vegetables.
The advantages of the variety include disease resistance, selected fruits, excellent taste and high yield.
The disadvantages include weak branches of the bush that need props.
The peculiarities of growing a variety include an increased need for phosphorus and potassium during the growing season and demanding watering. To increase productivity, only two stems are left on the bush. The rest are removed.
Grandee
Mid-season variety, bred by the Siberian Research Institute of RS. Vegetation period 115 days.
One of the best varieties of Trans-Ural selection. The variety is determinant, not standard. Requires the formation of a bush by pinching. The height of the bush is from 0,6 m. It can grow up to one and a half meters.
The fruits are pink, heart-shaped. If you let things take their course, then the fruits will grow up to 250 g in weight. To increase the size of the fruit, pinch the flowers, leaving no more than five ovaries on the branches. In this case, tomatoes grow up to 400 g. Occasionally up to a kilogram.
Bushes of this variety are not recommended to be planted more than 4 per square meter. m. Productivity varies depending on the region. The maximum was recorded in the Omsk region: up to 700 q/ha.
In the northern regions it is recommended for growing in a greenhouse, in the south it grows well in open ground.
The advantages of “Velmozh” are:
- unpretentiousness to weather conditions and frost resistance;
- high yield;
- great tomato flavor. With proper care, the fruits are sugary;
- good keeping quality and transportability;
- disease resistance.
The variety is more suitable for salads and juicing. It is too large for preservation with whole fruits.
The disadvantages include mandatory top dressing, pinching, regular abundant watering, regular loosening of the soil and mandatory stem tying.
Tips from experienced gardeners
- To stimulate the fruiting of tomato bushes, you can put buckets of manure or fermenting grass in the greenhouse. Fermentation will increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. With a high content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the fruits grow larger.
- To increase the size of fruits from determinant varieties of tomatoes, several ovaries should be cut from each brush. The remaining tomatoes will actively grow and grow 2 times larger than usual. “Experienced” vegetable growers talk about tomatoes weighing 1 kg. But … if there are “hunting” and “fishing” tales, then why not be “garden”? Of course, if we are not talking about large-fruited varieties.
- In a greenhouse, it is better to grow several varieties at the same time, including both determinate and indeterminate ones. In addition to diversity, this technique guarantees a harvest.
- If the flowering of the bushes is not too active, it is necessary to remove the lower ovaries. Released from excessive load later, the bush will tie 2 times more fruits.
There are many varieties of tomatoes. Both determinant and indeterminate. You can experiment for years in search of the best variety or, by planting several varieties at the same time, eventually settle on those that suit you the most.