Testicular diseases

Cryptorchidism is the absence of a testicle in the scrotum. In the first year of life, the testicles descend spontaneously in most boys. If the testicles are not in the scrotum in a 1-3-year-old boy, a urologist should be consulted. Initial treatment is hormone administration. If hormonal treatment under the supervision of a urologist does not bring the expected result in the form of the descent of the testicles into the scrotum, surgery should be started. Surgical treatment consists in lengthening the seminal cord, bringing the testicle to the scrotum and fixing it. Treatment of cryptorchidism should be completed before the age of 4. Undescended testes are 6 times more likely than normal testes to undergo neoplastic changes. The causes of cryptorchidism can be genetic, endocrine, mechanical. Read more …

The testicular hydrocephalus is an enlargement caused by the accumulation of serous contents within the testicle’s own sheath. The hydrocele may result from testicular inflammation, epididymitis, testicular trauma, testicular cancer. Ultrasound examination of the scrotum is helpful in diagnosing hydrocele. Treatment of a testicular hydrocele is operative and consists in opening the cyst and cutting out or evolving its wall. Read more…

Inflammation of the testicle and epididymis is manifested by testicular pain, enlargement, induration, swelling and redness of the scrotum. These ailments are accompanied by a high fever of up to 40 ° C. Pain located in the scrotum can radiate along the spermatic cord to the groin and perineum. The disease may be a consequence of prolonged use of the catheter in older men. Testicular inflammation can also occur in the course of other diseases, such as mumps. Treatment consists of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers, compresses, lifting the scrotum upwards to reduce venous blood stagnation, which relieves pain. Read more…

Varicose veins appear mainly in young men. They can appear on both sides, but are more common on the left and can be painful. They are visible in an upright position in the form of broadened plexuses. Varicose veins are formed as a result of damage to the valve apparatus within the nuclear vein. They can accompany neoplasms of the kidneys, neoplasms of the retroperitoneal space, thrombophlebitis. Venous blood stagnation causes an increase in temperature in the scrotum and hypoxia, which reduces the number of sperm cells, reduces their mobility and fertility problems. Treatment of varicose veins is surgical. Read more …

Doctors recommend self-examination of the testicles once a month, similar to the self-examination women should carry out to detect breast cancer early. The best way to examine your testicles is to stand naked in front of a mirror. Use the fingers of one hand to stabilize the testicles in the scrotum, and use the other hand to circle the shape of each testicle. We must visit a urologist if we notice any lumps or lumps or an enlargement of any of the testicles. Not every tumor is malignant. Benign changes, e.g. cysts or hemangiomas, may form on the testes. However, all these changes require medical consultation. Men from groups of increased risk of developing testicular cancer, i.e. those suffering from infertility, and those who have been found to have no testicles in the scrotum (so-called cryptorchidism) or men with organ underdevelopment, should be particularly careful.

Testicular cancer is a threat to young men, especially between the ages of 15 and 40. It is the most common malignant tumor in men between the ages of 20 and 35. It is easy to detect with a finger scan. If a man notices an enlarged, uneven, lumpy, hard, painless, and characteristically heavy testicle, he should immediately consult a urologist. Every day counts because a tumor can double its mass in a month. The lesion is painlessly examined using ultrasound. On the basis of this examination, the doctor decides on the treatment method. Most often it is necessary to remove the entire testicle along with the lump. In some cases, chemotherapy is used.

Testicular torsion most often occurs between the ages of 10 and 18. The most common triggering factor is sudden movement or jump during sports. Characteristically, there is rapid pain in the testicle without fever and redness, accompanied by enlargement of the scrotum. These complaints may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and muscle defense. When examining in a standing position, it is characteristic that the pain worsens when the testicle is lifted. This may be due to the excessive length of the spermatic cord and excessive mobility of the testicle. The treatment consists in surgically uncovering and unscrewing the testicle and its subsequent fixation with sutures. The time that elapses from twisting the pedicle to providing help is extremely important. If the torsion is complete and the time exceeds 48 hours, the testicle may become necrotic. It is therefore important to see a urologist immediately if you experience sudden testicular pain. Untreated torsion of the testicle torsion leads to ischemia of the testicular parenchyma, necrosis and testicular atrophy. Read more…

A seminal cyst (spermatocele) is a lesion within the epididymis caused by a blockage in the sperm outflow tract. The result is the development of a sperm-filled cavity called a spermatocele, or a seminal (seminal) cyst. A small cyst is usually asymptomatic. It is usually diagnosed during an accidental examination of the scrotum. You can then feel a thickening, a small lump above the testicle. Larger cysts can enlarge the entire scrotum. It happens that the area of ​​the testicle is painful and swollen, and the skin of the scrotum is red. The diagnosis is made on the basis of testicular ultrasound. Read more…

Hormonal failure of the testicles can be caused by various factors, e.g. the absence or underdevelopment of the testes (testes), mechanical injuries, X-rays, acute infectious diseases (measles, gonorrhea, common parotitis, i.e. mumps) and chronic (tuberculosis, syphilis, diabetes), chronic poisoning (alcoholism), malnutrition, cryptorchidism, cancer. Hypogonadism is manifested by underdevelopment of the genitals, body hair and female appearance, excessively tall stature, decreased muscle strength, high voice tone, decreased libido. Diagnosis is made by hormone testing and treatment is by administering hormones. Read more…

Klinefelter’s syndrome is a congenital disease that occurs in men who have an extra X chromosome in their genetic material in all or only some of the body’s cells. In childhood, muscle tension and strength are often weakened. Affected babies may begin crawling, sitting down and walking independently later than healthy babies. After age 4, boys with Klinefelter syndrome tend to be taller and often have less fine motor skills. When they reach puberty, their bodies do not produce as much testosterone as healthy people. This can lead to weaker musculature, less facial and body hair. During adolescence, boys may also have enlarged breasts (gynecomastia) and increased bone fragility. After puberty, the most common symptoms of patients with Klinefelter’s syndrome are: tall stature, pale skin, sparse body hair, small testicles, decreased libido, and bilateral gynecomastia. Men with Klinefelter syndrome can lead a normal sex life. However, due to the fact that their bodies can only produce little or no sperm, 95 to 99% of them are sterile.