In physique, W.G. Sheldon distinguishes between endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic types, and temperament components — viscero — somato — and cerebrotonia.
Endomorph (digestive type, viscerotonics) — a weak physique with an excess of adipose tissue. It is characterized by roundness, plumpness, the presence of a large belly, fat on the shoulders and hips, a round head, undeveloped muscles. Psychological traits — love of comfort, addiction to food, love of friendly feasts, friendliness to people, orientation to public opinion, tolerance, good sleep. An analogue of Picnic according to Kretschmer.
Mesomorph (muscular type, somatotonics) — with broad shoulders and chest, strong arms and legs, a massive head. These are people prone to physical activity, energetic, prone to risk, distinguished by courage, noisy behavior and reduced sensitivity. An analogue of Athletic according to Kretschmer.
Ectomorph (brain type, cerebrotonics) — with an elongated face, with a high forehead, long limbs, narrow chest and abdomen, lack of subcutaneous fat. Such individuals are characterized by a tendency to solitude, to reasoning, social phobia, a quiet voice and non-standard behavior. Many of these traits reflect the oversensitive nature of this temperament (physiological overreactivity, overattention, anxiety, resistance to habits and unpredictability of attitude), while others are associated with inhibition and the desire to isolate themselves from people in such ways as restraint in movements, secrecy, social phobia, suppression ability to communicate. An analogue of Asthenik according to Kretschmer.
Cerebrotonia reaches its maximum expression in the schizoid type of character, somatotonia finds its maximum in the psychopathic, and viscerotonia is most associated with the manic-depressive type.
Sheldon and Kretschmer
The theory of character by E. Kretschmer and the types of temperaments according to W. G. Sheldon are very similar. Endomorph is an analogue of Picnic, Mesomorph is an analogue of Athletic, Ectomorph is an analogue of Asthenic. See Kretschmer’s Character Theory