Teeth – structure, types, shape

Proven content

It is worth taking care of your teeth. They serve us to crush food, but also give shape to our cheeks. If we neglect them, it is very easy to get pain or even root canal treatment. Usually we don’t pay much attention to them. However, these are very different structures. The shape of both the tooth crown and its roots is very different.

Teeth testify not only to our health, but also to our beauty. Taking care of the health of your teeth is important not only for our appearance. It is worth remembering about visits to the dentist. In this way, we will prevent toothache, caries and, as a result, we will avoid root canal treatment.

Teeth – structure

The teeth consist of a root and a crown. The root of the tooth is in the gum, while the crown of the tooth is visible in the mouth. The two parts are separated by the neck of the tooth. Teeth are not a hard, uniform structure. Contrary to appearances, inside we find root canals with a living pulp and a chamber, which is a completely free space.

Teeth – quantity

The number of teeth depends on the age of the person. Usually 20 milk teeth appear in children. Then the milk teeth are replaced with permanent ones. An adult with no missing teeth should have 28 to 32 teeth.

A well-developed jaw includes:

1. 8 incisors
2. 4 canines
3. 8 premolars
4. 8-12 molars (not every person has so-called eights).

Take care of your teeth using sonic brushes intended for children or adults.

Teeth – shape

The shape of the teeth varies greatly. Roots and crowns come in all shapes and sizes. Roots holding the teeth in one position can be straight and curved. Sometimes they merge together, but most often they are separate structures. Human teeth usually have one, two or three roots, but there can be even more.

The shape of tooth crowns may vary, but they share some anatomical features. Thanks to them, we can distinguish between incisors and molars.

Teeth – types

1. Incisors – in a well-developed dentition we find 8 incisors, 2 on each side on the upper and lower jaws. Incisors are divided into medial and lateral, otherwise first and second. They are used to bite off pieces of food, correct pronunciation and aesthetic appearance of the face.
2. Fangs – located on each side of the dental arch next to the incisors. They belong together with the incisors for the front teeth. They help bite and tear food, shape the area around the corners of the mouth.
3. Premolars – there are 4 premolars in each of the maxilla and mandible. They are located behind the canines, two on each side. We divide them into upper and lower premolars. These teeth only appear as permanent teeth. Their task is to grind food and shape the cheeks.
4. Molars – These are the last teeth in the dental arches. Together with premolars, they belong to the posterior teeth. A person should have 12 molars, 6 on the bottom and XNUMX on the top. They are used to crush food and add features to the cheeks.

Teeth – histological structure

The histological structure of teeth concerns the tissues they are made of. Milk and permanent teeth have the same histological structure. The teeth are made up of:

1. enamel – it covers the teeth and is located on its surface. It covers the entire tooth crown from the neck. Tooth enamel is 1-2 mm and consists almost entirely of inorganic substances, mainly fluoro- and hydroxyapatites. It is very hard and is not produced after the teeth have emerged;
2. dentin – located under the enamel and surrounds the pulp. It is part of not only the tooth crown, but also the roots. The dentin of the teeth is a few millimeters thick and consists of 20% organic substances and 70% mineral compounds, thanks to which the dentin is hard. It is a layer containing numerous dentinal tubules containing i.a. nerve fibers. Dentine is produced almost throughout life. We distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary dentin (so-called reactive, repair);
3. cement – otherwise “bone”. It is treated like periodontal tissue, i.e. holding the teeth in the gum. It is made up of organic and inorganic substances;
4. pulp – the only living tissue in the teeth. It fills the dental chamber and root canals. It is protected by enamel and dentin. Dentin and pulp develop from the same tissues and constitute the endodonium. It is a mature connective tissue similar to that found in an umbilical cord. It is made of fibers and cells. The pulp of the teeth consists of three zones. We have a rich cell layer in the middle, a poor cell layer around it (Weil zone), and on top are cells that produce dentin. The dentin is innervated and vascularized, thanks to which it has a nutritional, sensory and protective function of the teeth.

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