Taurine
Taurus, «taurus», which means “bull”, was discovered in 1827 as one of the components of bovine bile. Its distinguishing feature from other amino acids is that it is not present in the muscle tissues of the body. It is inherent in a free form, or it is present in chains of amino acids called peptides. Taurine The discovery of taurine didn’t matter much until 1970. It was then that scientists made conclusions about its indispensability as one of the nutritional elements of cats. Taurine is a product of the natural metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. It is found in fish, eggs, milk, meat, but not in vegetable proteins. Its synthesis in the body occurs subject to the required amount of vitamin B6. The way taurine is synthesized is controversial. The main eczema involved in this process is weakly active in both animals and humans. Therefore, supplementing with taurine may be beneficial. Taurine deficiency in the cells of any organism has a negative effect on its condition. Its absence in animals led to the development of retinal degeneration, the consequences of which were blindness and serious problems with the normal functioning of the heart. Observing the effects of taurine on animals, scientists have come to the conclusion about its benefits for humans. After performing numerous studies, they noticed that babies who are fed not with breast milk, but with artificial nutrition, the body lacks an enzyme that synthesizes a substance, which leads to a deficiency of taurine. It is made from two amino acids, methionine and cysteine, which is nonessential and irreplaceable.
Fast twitch fibers contain less taurine than slow twitch fibers. Most likely, this is due to the lower oxidative power of the former. Scientists have noticed that during intense anaerobic exercise, the body loses a lot of taurine. Experiments on rats have shown that taurine increases endurance. Other sports nutrition studies have found that taurine helps protect muscles from exercise-induced damage. Additional consumption of taurine has a beneficial effect on skeletal muscles.
Taurine has antioxidant properties. This protects a person from cancer and cardiovascular disease. Research has also shown that it helps lower blood pressure. Taurine alters electrical function, thereby protecting the heart once again. Cells, from an excess of calcium, can die, this is opposed by taurine. It regulates the amount of potassium and sodium in the heart’s fibers, thereby supporting the functioning of the heart.
Taurine helps to accelerate the formation of bile salts, activates genes that are responsible for the synthesis of the enzyme. Scientists conducted a seven-week experiment. Overweight people were given three grams of taurine per day. During this time, the level of triglycerides in their blood decreased, and atherogenic turkeys improved. In addition, people who took turin had a side effect, a positive effect – a decrease in the amount of subcutaneous fat.
Other human experiments support the protective capacity of taurine. Due to the increased oxygen consumption in the muscles, an increased amount of dangerous free radicals is formed, which can damage the DNA in the cells, which can lead to unpleasant consequences. By taking taurine just before training, DNA damage is significantly reduced. This is due to its antioxidant properties. The maximum oxygen consumption of the people taking part in the experiment increased. This increased their endurance and allowed them to train for longer with an increase in maximum load. This effect was due to the role of taurine in increasing cardiac output and improving skeletal muscle properties. By stabilizing the cell membranes in the muscles, including sarcolemma, taurine promotes muscle contraction, controlling the penetration of calcium into the cell.
Taurine’s ability to affect muscle electrolyte function, helps prevent muscle cramps. There is an assumption that the onset of seizures is due to the loss of potassium and sodium during the training process. Taurine is able to prevent this. Its content in fast twitch fibers decreases significantly during long workouts. Taurine enhances the action of muscle enzymes that regulate energy production and fat oxidation. It promotes the stimulation of cyclic AMR, which increases the release of catacholamines such as noripinephrine and epinephrine. They are both active.
Scientific research has shown that BCAAs are extremely important for muscle protein synthesis. Taking a few grams per day will speed up protein synthesis following resistance exercise. But this in no way speaks of their more important role in the human body than nonessential amino acids. Both are certainly important.
Amino Acids Essential BCAA