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For the first time, domestic breeders became interested in growing Bulgarian sweet pepper in the early 60s of the last century. During the Soviet Union, sweet varieties of pepper grew only in the territories of the Moldavian and Ukrainian republics, so gardeners chose seeds and tried to grow a crop from vegetables bought in the markets.
Today, breeding offers a wide range of varieties and hybrids for central Our Country, Siberia and the Urals. However, given the fact that Bulgarian sweet pepper is a crop with a fairly long ripening period, farmers offer special high varieties for the northern regions that grow well in greenhouses and open ground. Plants are powerful stems, from one to one and a half meters tall, with dense foliage, resistant to cold weather and characterized by high yields. Tall varieties of pepper are able to bring in the period of full ripening up to 10-12 kg of crop.
Growing tall peppers in greenhouses
Even if your greenhouse is well equipped for the early cultivation of pepper, do not forget that this is a heat-loving crop that requires regular watering and additional nutrition. In addition, tall pepper requires tying branches, and for this, in closed ground conditions, it is necessary to equip additional supports or trellis.
Specially bred varieties of sweet pepper for growing in various climatic conditions are Orange Wonder, Nochka and Winnie the Pooh. On the shelves of shops and markets you can find planting material varieties Victoria, Othello, Health and Elephant, which are also adapted for greenhouses and greenhouses, but require some additional growing conditions.
Even being in conditions of round-the-clock air heating and good lighting, greenhouse varieties of tall peppers have individual growth and vegetation periods, give stable and tasty yields with regular watering and top dressing.
The only criteria for a stable harvest, characteristic of all varieties of tall pepper, are the conditions for its planting:
- It is necessary to start sowing planting material and growing seedlings in March, at the first sign that the air temperature has begun to rise and there will no longer be a tendency to decrease it;
- Seeds are prepared for planting, disinfected and hatched, and then placed in planting containers or specially prepared boxes. As a planting soil, take fertile black soil or moistened compost. Tall sweet peppers are sensitive to low nutrient content in the soil;
- If planting material is planted in boxes, observe the following norm: hatched grains are determined in the ground at a distance of at least 2 cm;
- Growing seedlings also requires a certain temperature regime – it should not be less than 22-230C.
Before transferring seedlings to greenhouse conditions, it is necessary to prepare the soil. The substrate in the beds should be at least 25-30 cm thick. If the variety of tall sweet pepper you have chosen requires feeding with organic fertilizers, enter them in small quantities.
Seedlings are transferred to 55-60 days after the seed is hatched, when the pepper bush will gain a height of 25-30 cm. Tall varieties, with appropriate hardening and germination of planting material, quickly give additional leaves. By the time the plant is transferred to a greenhouse or greenhouse, there should be at least 5 leaves on the stem.
In the process of growth, tall varieties of sweet bell peppers are tied up or supported with wooden supports. At the same time, the bush constantly dives, leaving the strongest and healthiest shoot.
A prerequisite for growing tall varieties of peppers is regular loosening of the earth. In order for the root of the plant to be strong and healthy, it must be signed with oxygen. Compacted soil will interfere with this.
Varieties and the best varieties of tall peppers
Merchant
This variety of tall pepper belongs to the early ripe ones and is planted not only in greenhouses, but also on open ground. “Merchant” – a high-yielding variety with pyramidal fruits. The vegetation period begins at 95-100 days from the first shoots. The height of the bush at the time of growth arrest can reach 120 cm. The skin of the fruit is dense, painted in pinkish-red color. The weight of a fully mature pepper does not exceed 130-150 gr. Up to 4-5 kg of pepper is harvested from one bush in greenhouses, up to four kilograms in open ground conditions.
Atlas
An early variety of tall pepper with a bush height of just over one meter. Vegetation begins at 100-105 days from the first shoots. Distinctive features of the Atlant variety are sprawling branches and leaves that require garters and early picks to form a plant. Pepper in the ripening period has the correct conical shape, the skin is dense, with a thickness of up to 8 mm. The fruits have a rich red tint, the average weight of one pepper can reach up to 150 grams. About 6 kg of crop is harvested from one bush.
The Orange Miracle
Yielding tall variety of sweet pepper, intended for growing in glass and film shelters, and in the southern regions – in open garden beds. The first fruits can be harvested already on the 100th day from the beginning of the pecking of the planting material. The bush is powerful, branched, height – up to one meter. Fruits of beautiful orange color with thick (up to 1 cm) and very juicy sweetish pulp. The average weight of one such pepper can reach up to 300 g.
A distinctive feature of the Orange Miracle variety is its high resistance to watermelon and tobacco mosaic viruses. Pepper has a sweet rich taste, tolerates long-term transportation well. During the harvest period, up to twelve kilograms of fruits can be removed from one bush.
California miracle
Mid-early tall variety of sweet pepper for growing in greenhouses. The fruiting period occurs 100-110 days after sowing seeds for seedlings. The fruits are universal, have a delicate, slightly sweet taste, suitable for fresh consumption, canning, and thermal processing. During the period of full ripening, the fruits of a cuboid shape reach a mass of two hundred grams. In greenhouse conditions, up to 5-6 kg of crop is harvested from one bush.
A distinctive feature of the “California Miracle” variety is that in order to obtain a friendly yield, pepper is fed with mineral and nitrogen fertilizers throughout the entire fruiting period.
Wonder Tree F1
This unique cultivar, bred by breeders, really grows to the height of a small tree during the growth period. The height of an adult plant reaches 1,6-1,8 m. The hybrid belongs to the early ripe ones, and when grown in greenhouses, it gives the first fruits already on the 90-95th day from the time the first shoots appear. The fruits themselves are small in size, bright red in color, have the shape of a prism, and have excellent taste. The skin is dense, smooth, wall thickness – 6-7 mm, with an average weight – 120-150 gr.
Distinctive features of the Miracle Tree variety – this sweet pepper has an enviable resistance to putrefactive and fungal diseases. Harvest ripens almost at the same time. From one bush you can collect up to 5-6 kg of juicy fruits.
Cockatoo
A tall variety of sweet pepper with a truly gigantic fruit length – up to 25-28 cm. One such pepper in the period of full ripening can weigh up to 400-500 grams. Long sweet beauties, slightly curved, reminiscent of a cockatoo beak, are used for culinary processing, preservation and fresh consumption. The growing season begins 100-105 days after the first shoots. From one bush, 1,3-1,5 meters high, up to 5 kg of fruits are harvested during the harvest season.
A distinctive feature of the variety – the plant needs a lot of sunlight. That is why Kakadu is grown in greenhouses equipped with round-the-clock lighting or on open ground in the southern regions of Our Country. The variety is resistant to watermelon and tobacco mosaic diseases, fungal and viral diseases.
Hercules
Among the tall varieties of sweet bell pepper “Hercules” is considered the lowest. The height of the bush during the period of complete cessation of growth is up to 1 m. Despite this, the bush has a powerful stem and a strong root system. Fruits are in the form of a cube, with a dense sweetish skin and a wall thickness of up to 8-10 mm. The average weight of one full-ripe pepper reaches 200 gr.
Distinctive features of the variety – with a low yield (3-4 kg per bush), this variety has a fairly high commercial quality, is resistant to long-term transportation and storage, tolerates freezing well.
Chord
A variety of tall sweet peppers intended for growing in greenhouses and outdoors. The height of the bush during the period of growth arrest reaches 1-1,2 m. The fruits have a bright red color, an even cone shape. The skin is tender, the wall thickness is 6-7 mm. During the period of full ripening, the mass of one pepper can reach 200-220 gr. The plant is resistant to viral and fungal diseases, tolerates slight fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Up to 5 kg of pepper is removed from one bush, used for conservation and thermal cooking.
Claudio
A hybrid of Dutch selection with an average growing season. The height of the bush is 1,2-1,3 m. The first crops are harvested on the 110-115th day. The mass of one pepper during the ripening period reaches two hundred and seventy grams. The fruits are painted in bright red color, have an even conical shape. The hybrid belongs to the universal, is used for canning, has a high resistance to the preservation of the presentation during long-term storage and transportation. “Claudio” is one of the high-yielding tall hybrids of pepper. From one bush when growing it in greenhouse conditions, gardeners collect up to ten kilograms of crop.
Latino
A hybrid that has proven itself when grown in the southern regions on open ground. The first fruit is removed already on the one hundred and fifth day after germination. Elastic and juicy skin is painted in a beautiful red color. The shape of the fruit is cuboid. With a small size, Latino can weigh up to 220 grams, since the wall thickness during the ripening period reaches ten millimeters. The height of the bush is slightly above one meter, while the yield during the growing season can be up to ten kilograms.
cornet
An early ripe variety of tall pepper with an unusual brown color of the fruit. Designed for growing in greenhouses and greenhouses, in open areas only for the southern regions of Our Country. The growing season begins on the hundredth day after the seed is hatched. Pepper has the shape of a cone, a ripe fruit can weigh up to two hundred and thirty grams.
Distinctive features of the variety are high resistance to diseases characteristic of the culture, stable strong ovary of inflorescences, stable yield. Up to ten kilograms of juicy fruits saturated with vitamin C and carotene are harvested from one Cornet bush.
Top dressing of tall varieties of pepper
Varieties and hybrids of sweet peppers with a long stem need regular feeding, even if they grow in well-lit and heated greenhouses.
Immediately after transferring the seedlings to the beds, tall peppers must be given mineral supplements. It has a good effect on the formation of the plant, activates its growth and accelerates the appearance of ovaries. The first such top dressing is carried out on the 9-10th day after planting the seedlings.
During the fruiting period, starting from the first fruit formation, feed the pepper with organic fertilizers. This will increase the yield, form the same beautiful and juicy fruits. At the same time, the plant really needs potassium and phosphorus.
What and how to feed tall varieties of sweet pepper, the gardener decides. Some farmers are inclined only in favor of organic nutrition, while others prefer mineral elements.
