Tablets for nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting accompany many diseases of the body, as well as pathological conditions. Sometimes nausea ends with vomiting, and sometimes it is possible to suppress this unpleasant reflex.

Nausea is accompanied by an uncomfortable sensation in the abdomen, when a dreary wave rises to the throat. This feeling can occur in the esophagus, in the stomach, in the mouth. Accompanying nausea are such unpleasant symptoms as:

• Weakness.

• Dizziness.

• Hypersalivation.

• Increased heart rate.

• Sweating.

When vomiting occurs, the contents of the stomach are ejected, which leaves the body through the oral cavity. Most often, the stomach contains partially digested food, which is mixed with its secret. Sometimes vomit consists of only bile and water. This situation is typical for inflammation of the pancreas or gallbladder. If a person develops intestinal obstruction, then he will vomit with feces.

First of all, vomiting is dangerous because it can provoke dehydration of the body, since together with the vomit, it loses a large amount of water and salts.

Causes of nausea and vomiting

Nausea can be caused by the following factors:

• The reaction of immunity to the birth of a new life in a woman’s body. This is the main cause of nausea that haunts pregnant women in the 1st trimester.

• Impact on the vagus nerve by pathogenic flora, tumor neoplasms. Inflammatory reactions in the digestive system often lead to its irritation. All this causes nausea.

• Nausea may be due to irritation of the vomiting center, which is located in the brain.

This happens in situations such as:

• An increase in blood pressure, which is observed in hypertension or VVD.

• Increased intracranial pressure, or irritation of the membranes of the brain.

• pathology of the inner ear.

• Motion sickness.

Vomiting can be caused by the following reasons:

• The penetration of viruses into the body. In this regard, rotaviruses and enteroviruses are dangerous.

• The penetration of bacteria into the body. Staphylococci, salmonella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia, Clostridia can cause vomiting.

• Intoxication of the body with alcoholic beverages, poisons, drugs, narcotic substances, cardiac glycosides.

• Stomach ache. Vomiting may accompany such conditions as: inflammation of the peritoneum, inflammation of the pancreas or gallbladder, myocardial infarction in the acute phase.

• Intestinal obstruction that develops against the background of Crohn’s disease. A tumor growing in the body or a foreign body entering the intestine can cause such a violation.

• Vomiting may have a central origin. This happens with high intracranial pressure, with neuroinfection, with Meniere’s disease, with damage to the vestibular apparatus. Motion sickness also leads to irritation of the vestibular apparatus.

• Diseases of the endocrine system, such as Addison’s disease or hyperthyroidism.

• Pregnancy.

• Radiation sickness.

Medicines for motion sickness and nausea

Seasickness and motion sickness can haunt not only in childhood, but also in adulthood.

In order for a person to be able to cope with this problem, there are various drugs, including:

• Blockers of M-cholinergic receptors. A drug such as Aeron prevents the vagus nerve and splanchnic nerve from becoming irritated and causing nausea. The composition of the drug contains hyoscyamine and scopolamine (camphor salts). Already 30 minutes after taking, you can feel the healing effect. Aeron is valid for 6 hours. Side effects from taking it are: increased heart rate, thirst, blurred vision.

• benzodiazepine tranquilizers. These drugs suppress nausea and vomiting, and also dull the sense of fear. Examples of such drugs are: Diazepam, Seduxen, Relanium, Rudotel, Prazepam, Lorazepam, etc.

• Histamine H1 receptor inhibitors. Nausea and vomiting are reduced by blocking the receptors of the semicircular canals of the inner ear, which transmit irritation to the centers of the autonomic nervous system. These drugs include: Bonin, Pipolfen, Betahistine, Dimenhydrinate, etc.

On some medicines you need to dwell in more detail.

Pipolfen

Active substance: promethazine hydrochloride.

Analogues: no.

Price: 650-800 rubles.

Pros:

Pipolfen is prescribed for allergies, nausea and vomiting against the background of motion sickness, and also as a sedative after surgery. The effect of its reception occurs after 20 minutes, and ends after 6-12 hours.

If the patient suffers from nausea and vomiting, then he is prescribed 25 mg of the drug once a day, or an intramuscular injection is given.

If you have to travel by transport, which is associated with motion sickness, then a person is prescribed 25 mg of the drug, you need to repeat the reception after 8-12 hours.

It is very convenient that there are two forms of release of the drug, so the drug can be used to treat young children.

The advantages of Pipolfen include its high efficiency, the rapid onset of the therapeutic effect and the presence of two forms of release.

Cons:

It is forbidden to use Pipolfen for the treatment of pregnant and lactating women, as well as people suffering from sleep apnea. Do not prescribe the drug in the form of tablets to children under 6 years of age. Parenteral administration of the drug is possible for children after 2 months. Other contraindications include: angle-closure glaucoma, poisoning the body with alcohol, taking MAO inhibitors.

The disadvantage of Pipolfen is that this drug can cause multiple side effects, including: blurred vision, increased drowsiness or psychomotor agitation, disorientation in space, photosensitivity, thirst, ringing in the ears, skin rashes, dizziness, fainting, hypersalivation.

The disadvantages of the drug include an extensive list of side effects, the presence of contraindications and high cost.

Betagistin

Active substance: betahistine hydrochloride.

Analogues: Betaver (140-200 rubles), Betahistine (30-50 rubles), Vestibo (200-300 rubles), Tagista (100-120 rubles), Betaserc (500-600 rubles), Betahistine Hydrochloride, Betanorm, Vasoserk, Betacentrin, Microzer , Denoise.

Price: 46-65 rubles.

Pros:

The drug has a structure similar to histamine. It quickly relieves nausea and vomiting, as it reduces pressure in the semicircular canaliculi and improves the blood supply to the labyrinth of the inner ear.

Betahistine can be used to eliminate nausea and vomiting, to combat dizziness and tinnitus. It is prescribed for Meniere’s disease.

To achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to start taking the drug 2 days before the trip, ½ tablet 3 times a day.

The advantages of the drug are its low cost, high efficiency and similarity with histamine, which is produced by the human body.

Cons:

Betahistine has a number of contraindications. It is forbidden to appoint people under 18 years of age, as well as pregnant women. With caution, the drug is used to treat patients with stomach ulcers.

Betahistine can cause an allergic reaction in the body, as well as lead to thinning of the stool.

The disadvantages of the drug include the presence of contraindications and side effects, as well as the inability to use it for the treatment of children and adolescents.

Dimenhydrinate

Active substance: dimenhydrinate.

Analogues: Dramina (100-150 rubles), Ciel, Aviamarine.

Price: 145-160 rubles.

Pros:

The drug already 15 minutes after taking it eliminates nausea and vomiting, relieves dizziness. It can be used to treat Meniere’s disease, from motion sickness, with labyrinth disorders, with a weak vestibular apparatus. For prophylactic purposes, it is taken 30 minutes before a trip in transport in the amount of 1-2 tablets.

Adults and children over 12 years old are prescribed 1-2 tablets (2-3 times a day), children 1-6 years old take half or ¼ tablets (1 time a day), children 7-12 years old take 1 or half a tablet (2-3 times a day).

The advantage of the drug is the rapid onset of the effect, the possibility of getting rid of not only nausea, but also dizziness, as well as a low price.

Cons:

The drug has a number of contraindications. It can not be used in the treatment of lactating and pregnant women, children under one year old. Dimenhydrinate is not prescribed to get rid of nausea in people with epilepsy and acute dermatological diseases.

The drug can cause multiple side effects, including: increased daytime sleepiness and weakness, dizziness, insomnia, loss of appetite, thirst, tachycardia, hypotension, skin rashes. Taking the drug is associated with the risk of developing skin reactions and even Quincke’s edema. There is a possibility of developing bronchospasm, deterioration of urinary function. The drug can interfere with the hematopoietic system and provoke the development of hemolytic anemia. It is the multiple side effects that are the main disadvantage of the drug. In addition, it does not last longer than 6 hours.

Homeopathic remedies

Air-sea

Active substance: veratrum album, borax, cocculus.

Analogues: no.

Price: from 125 rubles.

Pros:

The drug is indicated for use by people who suffer from seasickness. It is used to reduce the unpleasant symptoms of motion sickness: from nausea, sweating, dizziness, vomiting. You need to take it before the trip (an hour), and then every 30 minutes while the person is on the road.

The obvious advantages of Avia-Sea are the absence of side effects, as well as the low price of the drug.

Cons:

The drug should not be used to treat children under 6 years of age. It should be used with caution by pregnant and lactating women.

The disadvantage of Air-Sea is its short-lived effect. To reduce nausea and vomiting while traveling in public transport, it will need to be taken very often. Air-sea copes only with the symptoms of motion sickness, and it will not help with nausea caused by other causes.

This is a homeopathic remedy, so its effectiveness cannot be considered scientifically proven.

Vertigo

Active substance: anamirta cocculus, conium, ambergris, petroleum rectificatum.  

Analogues: no.

Price: from 380 rubles.

Pros:

The drug relieves nausea and vomiting, as well as dizziness during motion sickness. It can be found in liquid and tablet form. An hour before the trip, you need to take 10 drops or 1 tablet of the drug. Then drops are taken every 15 minutes, and tablets one at a time 3 times a day.

Cons:

The high cost of the drug is its main disadvantage. This is especially true if we take into account that it belongs to homeopathic remedies, that is, its effectiveness has not been confirmed by clinical trials. In addition, it is not prescribed to pregnant women, people with liver pathologies and patients with alcoholism. Children under 4 years of age are not given the drug in tablets, and children under 12 years of age – in drops.

Medications to relieve nausea during pregnancy

Most often, women in the first trimester of pregnancy suffer from nausea and vomiting, which is explained by such a phenomenon as toxicosis. Although some expectant mothers continue to experience these unpleasant symptoms throughout the entire period of gestation.

Mild toxicosis does not require hospitalization, provided that a woman vomits no more than 5 times a day. If the number of episodes of vomiting increases to 10, then the pregnant woman is placed in a hospital.

Many drugs are prohibited during the 1st trimester of pregnancy, as they can have a pathological effect on the growing body of the child. Therefore, only a doctor can prescribe any drug.

The most harmless drugs for pregnant women are considered to be:

• Homeopathic preparation Kokkulin, which is available in the form of absorbable tablets. For a package of 30 pieces, you will need to pay 180 rubles.

• Bonin. The maximum daily dose of the drug should not exceed 50 mg. The drug starts working 60 minutes after taking it and is valid for 24 hours. However, its use can provoke increased fatigue, a feeling of dryness in the oral cavity. Sometimes women complain of daytime sleepiness. Bonin is not prescribed for children under 12 years of age.

• Splenin is based on an extract from the spleen of cattle. It is injected into the muscle 1 time per day. Treatment continues for 10 days.

• Hofitol. At the heart of the drug – artichoke leaves. It is taken 2 tablets 3 times a day before meals. They must first be dissolved in water. The cost of the drug is 300, 400 and 700 rubles, and depending on the number of tablets in the package.

• The drug and herbal preparations based on peppermint, motherwort, valerian, St. John’s wort, calendula, lemon balm. They have a calming effect.

A woman should not ignore the nausea and vomiting that develops in late pregnancy. In combination with edema and increased blood pressure, these symptoms may indicate a severe complication of pregnancy – preeclampsia. This condition requires emergency hospitalization.

Drugs for nausea and vomiting in diseases of the digestive system

If nausea and vomiting is a consequence of an intestinal infection or other disease, then it is necessary to take drugs that destroy the pathogenic flora, and also bind toxic substances that have entered the digestive tract.

These include:

• Ercefuril, Stop-Diar, Enterofuril (nitrofurans). They are based on furazolidone and nifuroxazide. The effect of these drugs is not significantly different. Therefore, adult patients can be prescribed inexpensive furazolidone (2 tablets 3 times a day) for a course of 5-7 days. It is important that a person does not have concomitant diseases of the pancreas. This drug is excellent for diarrhea and vomiting. It is preferable to treat children with drugs based on nifuroxazide. In order not to disrupt the function of the pancreas, you need to choose a drug in the form of a suspension.

• Antibiotics are prescribed for some intestinal infections. In this case, patients are prescribed cephalosporins or macrolides (Sumamed).

To stop vomiting and reduce nausea in diseases of the digestive system, drugs such as: Cerucal (Metoclopramide), Dedalon, Dramamine (Dimenhydrinate), Riabal, No-spasm (Prifinium Bromide), Buscopan (Butylbromide hyoscyamine), Motilium (Domperidone) help.  

Cerucal

Active substance: metoclopramide.

Analogues: no.

Price: the cost of metoclopramide is 30 rubles. For 50 tablets of Cerucal, you will need to pay 130 rubles, and for 10 ampoules – 250 rubles.

Pros:

The drug is prescribed for the relief of inflammation and infection in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as after surgery on the organs of the digestive system. It helps to get rid of vomiting, hiccups, nausea. It is used in diabetic gastroparesis.

The advantage of the drug is that it has several forms of release: in tablets and in solution for injection, which is important for the treatment of people suffering from vomiting and nausea.

Adults are prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day, and children over 14 years old – half a tablet 2-3 times a day. It must be taken before meals.

Another advantage of the drug is its time-tested efficacy and safety (if you take the drug according to the instructions), as well as low cost.

Cons:

Taking Metoclopramide and Cerucal is associated with a risk of side effects. The patient may increase dizziness, tinnitus, drowsiness. Sometimes patients complain of the addition of diarrhea and vomiting, which can increase dehydration. In addition, there is a possibility of developing limb tremors and depression.

Another disadvantage of the drug is the presence of contraindications, including: age under 14 years, gastric or intestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, bronchial asthma. It should not be used to treat pregnant and lactating women, patients with epilepsy and pheochromocytoma. With caution, Cerucal is prescribed to the elderly and patients with hypertension.

Buscopan

Active substance: butyl bromide hyoscine.

Analogues: no.

Price: for 20 tablets you will need to pay 250-340 rubles, and for 10 candles – 300-380 rubles.

Pros:

Taking the drug helps to eliminate spasm from the smooth muscles of the intestines and stomach, thereby reducing pain, nausea and vomiting. Therefore, Buscopan is used as an effective remedy for the elimination of renal, biliary and intestinal colic. It can be taken as part of complex therapy for stomach ulcers, pylorospasm, biliary dyskinesia.

The advantage of the drug is its release form. Buscopan can be purchased in suppositories and tablets (prescribed 10-20 mg 3 times a day). The drug is in the middle price category.

Cons:

The disadvantages of Buscopan are its side effects, including: dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia. Sometimes patients develop an allergic reaction, up to anaphylactic shock.

In addition, Buscopan should not be prescribed to patients under 6 years of age, people with megacolon and myasthenia gravis.

Motilium

Active substance: Domperidone.

Analogues: Domperidone (70 rubles), Domperidone Teva (140 rubles), Passagex (80 rubles).

Price: for 10 tablets of Motilium, you will need to pay 330-400 rubles, for a suspension – 450-500 rubles, for 30 tablets – 500-600 rubles.

Pros:

The drug effectively eliminates the effects of dyspepsia (belching, bloating, nausea and vomiting, heartburn). It can be used to treat vomiting of various origins: with functional disorders of the digestive system, with organic and infectious pathologies. Adults and children are prescribed 2-3 tablets 4 times a day.

Cons:

The high cost of the drug is its main disadvantage. In addition, it has some restrictions on its use, including: the weight of a child up to 35 kg, gastrointestinal bleeding, pituitary tumor. You can not combine Motilium with Erythromycin, Ketoconazole and other drugs.

Another drawback of the drug is its ability to cause side effects, in particular: headache, convulsions, drowsiness. Some patients develop severe allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock and angioedema).

Vomiting drugs for children

If a child has nausea or vomiting, then a doctor should prescribe a medicine for him.

Parents should be aware that vomiting in childhood threatens the rapid development of dehydration, so the algorithm of their actions should be as follows:

• You need to call a team of doctors to the house. If there is a suspicion of appendicitis, intussusception, pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, or intestinal infection, the child should be hospitalized. Children who have received TBI against the background of which vomiting develops should be placed in the hospital. This is especially true for babies younger than a year old.

• For uncomplicated intestinal infections in children older than a year, outpatient treatment is possible. The child must be examined by the local doctor. The doctor may prescribe him nitrofuran, or an antibacterial drug. Provided that the feces were collected for BAKposev, and it was possible to accurately determine the source of infection, it is possible to use bacteriophages.

• A prerequisite for the treatment of vomiting is replenishment by the loss of fluid and salts. For this, the child is offered solutions of Regidron, Hydrovit, glucose. To prevent dehydration, the child should take a teaspoon of liquid every 5-10 minutes.

• The fluid must be replenished correctly. So, during the first 6 hours after developing vomiting, the child should drink 100 ml of liquid for every kilogram of weight. In the future, you need to ensure that the child drinks 100 ml of liquid for each kg of weight throughout the day.

• If the child is older than 6 years, then you can give him Cerucal tablets. For children under this age, the drug is prescribed by injection.

• You can offer the child Motilium in suspension. Give the drug 3-4 times a day, 0,25-0,5 ml per kilogram of weight.

When vomiting has a central genesis, the child is prescribed Diakarb or Dexamethasone. Magnesium sulfate is administered in injectable form.

Pylorospasm (the outlet section of the stomach narrows) or pyloric stenosis (a congenital malformation) are two causes of fountain vomiting in infants. Pyloric stenosis can only be eliminated by surgery. With pylorospasm, the child is prescribed Atropine, or belladonna preparations.

Medicines for nausea and vomiting for cancer patients

People who receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer often experience severe nausea and vomiting. These phenomena worsen the well-being of such patients and reduce their quality of life.

To stop nausea and vomiting against the background of ongoing treatment, you can use drugs such as:

• Cerucal (Metoclopramide). You can use the drug both in the form of injections and in the form of tablets.

• Serotonin receptor antagonists. These drugs are aimed at blocking the vomiting center. In the form of tablets and suppositories, Ondansetron can be used. In a solution for injection, such drugs are produced as: Tropisetron (Tropindol, Novoban), granisetron (Avomit, Notirol, Kitril), Granisetron, Latran, Ondantor, Domegan, Zofran.

• Emend. It is a selective, high-affinity substance P neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. The drug has a high cost. For one capsule, you will need to pay 1300-1600 rubles.

• Buscopan, which is available both in tablets and in suppositories, allows you to cope with nausea and vomiting.

• Children undergoing chemotherapy may be prescribed drugs such as Navoban, Kytril, Zofran.

Nawaboban

Active substance: tropisetron.

Analogues: no.

Price: for 5 ampoules of the drug you will need to pay 1000-1200 rubles.

Pros:

The drug effectively eliminates nausea against the background of antitumor therapy. It allows you to cope with the nausea that develops in the period after surgery. It can be given to children over 2 years of age.

It is convenient that the drug has 2 forms of release: in tablets and in solution for injection (it can be taken orally if diluted with orange juice). On the first day after the operation, it is administered intravenously.

The daily dose for a child is 5 mg. Dosage calculation: 0,2 mg/kg of body weight. Adults on the first day are administered 5 mg of the drug intravenously on the first day after surgery. Then, until the sixth day, it is taken orally.

Cons:

The disadvantage of Navoban is its high cost. In addition, it has a number of contraindications and side effects. The drug is not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation, as well as children under 2 years of age. During its reception, the patient may develop constipation, or diarrhea with abdominal pain, dizziness and allergic reactions.

Ondansetron

Active substance: Ondansetron.

Analogues: Zofran in candles (1 candle costs 850-1000 rubles), in ampoules (5 ampoules costs 1800 rubles) and in tablets (10 tablets costs 2300-4000 rubles). Latran (price of 10 ampoules – 500 rubles, 5 ampoules – 400-600 rubles), Emetron (5 ampoules costs 1200-1400 rubles).

Price: for 5 ampoules you will have to pay 1200-1400 rubles.

Pros:

The drug copes well with nausea that develops after surgery, as well as during chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

The maximum daily dose for an adult is 8-32 mg. It is very convenient that the drug can be used in syrup, tablets, suppositories and in solution for intramuscular and intravenous injections.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account some features of the treatment:

• If chemotherapy and radiation therapy is moderately aggressive, then a person is prescribed Ondansetron in suppositories or tablets 2 hours before the start of treatment. Starting dosage – 8 mg. After 12 hours, take another 8 mg of the drug.

• If chemotherapy is associated with a high risk of vomiting, then the dose of the drug should be increased to 24 mg. Dexamethasone is included in the antiemetic treatment regimen.

• If nausea develops a day after chemotherapy, then the patient is prescribed Ondansetron 8 mg 2 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 5 days.

• If the drug is used in suppositories, then they are administered in an amount of 16 mg 2 hours before the start of chemotherapy. Then, for 5 days, another 1 suppository is administered 1 time per day.

Cons:

The disadvantage of the drug is that it can cause side effects. These include: diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, hiccups, heart rhythm disturbances, dizziness, blurred vision, convulsions, bronchospasm, fever, flushing of the face. There is a possibility of an allergic reaction. In addition, the drug is not administered rectally to children. For parenteral and oral administration, the age limit is 2 years. It is forbidden to use Ondansetron for lactating and pregnant women.

Another disadvantage of the drug is its high cost.

Granisetron

Active substance: granisetron.

Analogues: Kytril. For 10 tablets you will need to pay 4500 rubles, and for 5 ampoules 5500-5800 rubles.

Price: 6600 rubles for 5 ampoules.

Pros:

The drug helps to prevent the development of vomiting and nausea in people who are undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It is taken 2 times a day, 1 mg, or 2 mg 1 time per day. The maximum course of treatment is 7 days. You need to take the drug one hour before the start of treatment.

Cons:

First, Granisetron is an expensive drug.

Secondly, it is not used to treat children under 12 years of age, lactating and pregnant women, people with lactose deficiency and patients with intestinal obstruction. Thirdly, it can cause multiple side effects, including worsening sleep quality, increased anxiety, daytime sleepiness, headaches and dizziness, bloating, constipation, heartburn, fever, taste distortion. There is a possibility of an allergic reaction.

If you feel sick after taking pills, what should you do?

Some drugs adversely affect the functioning of the internal organs, while others irritate the vomiting center, which will lead to nausea and vomiting. This is observed against the background of taking narcotic drugs, cytostatics, glycosides, Eufillin.

You can manage these side effects in the following ways:

• Receiving Cerucal allows you to get rid of vomiting in case of poisoning with morphine derivatives.

• Serotonin receptor blockers (Tropisetron, Granisetron, Ondansetron) are prescribed during treatment with cytostatics.

• Potassium chloride and a solution of thiamine chloride are administered when the body is intoxicated with Eufillin.

• Diprazine, Promedol, Aminazin, or Droperidol are administered in case of an overdose of cardiac glycosides.