Contents
Cherry Bryanochka is the brainchild of breeders. Sweet berries have been known to gardeners for a long time. The tree is unpretentious, rather cold-resistant, this cherry is for the northern regions.
History of breeding
Research Institute Lupin, located near Bryansk, is the birthplace of many modern varieties of cherries and sweet cherries. The cherry variety Bryanochka was also bred here on the basis of the Red Dense cherry. Breeders M. V. Kanshina, L. I. Zueva, A. A. Astakhov worked on its creation. This is a young variety, entered into the State Register in 2006.
Description of the culture
When describing the cherry variety Bryanochka, the following should be indicated – the tree is intensively growing, reaches a height of 3 meters. The crown is quite rare, pyramidal. The branches are straight, the bark is smooth, brown.
The leaf blades of Bryanochka are elliptical in shape, pointed. The flowers are collected in a bouquet of three pieces, white, the petals do not touch.
The berries are heart-shaped, slightly flattened at the top. Quite large, up to 6 g in weight. The skin and flesh are dark red. The taste is sweet, the tasting score is maximum – 5.
Cultivation is recommended in all regions of Our Country, except for the northernmost ones.
Features
It is worth considering the main characteristics of the Bryanochka cherry variety.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
Cherry requires the presence of moisture in the soil. To obtain juicy fruits, trees are watered. In dry weather, this is done monthly.
Frost resistance of sweet cherry Bryanochka is high both for the tree itself and for flower buds.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
Cherries are mostly self-fertile plants and require a pollinator to bear fruit. The best pollinators for cherries Bryanochka cherry varieties Veda, Iput, Tyutchevka.
yield, fruiting
After planting seedlings, the tree bears fruit in 5 years. Harvest from each tree is on average 15-20 kg. It increases every year until the tree begins to age. It comes in 20-25 years.
Scope of berries
The best use of fresh berries. For winter consumption, jams, jams, pie fillings, marmalade and jelly are prepared. Liqueurs and tinctures are delicious.
Disease and pest resistance
The cherry variety Bryanochka is not very susceptible to coccomycosis and clasterosporiosis. Gives good yields even in the coldest regions of the country.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of sweet cherry varieties Bryanochka are as follows:
- High yielding variety.
- Bears fruit annually.
- Frost resistant.
- Excellent berry flavor.
The disadvantage, as with all types of this crop, is that the Bryanochka cherry is self-fertile, it is necessary to plant a certain variety of pollinator nearby.
Features of landing
Cultivation of Bryanochka cherries does not differ in anything special from other types of cherries.
Recommended dates
Sweet cherry Bryanochka is a late-ripening variety, it can be planted in spring and autumn. Autumn planting is carried out in the southern regions 3 weeks before the onset of cold weather.
However, spring is the best time to plant. They begin to plant bushes in April, when the soil has thawed, and the buds on the seedlings have not yet woken up.
Choosing the right place
For sweet cherries, gentle southern slopes or flat areas with no tall stands and good lighting are suitable. It is important to exclude the presence of soil water, which has a bad effect on the roots of the plant. The presence of drafts and cold winds will be unpleasant.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Apple trees and pears can be in the same garden with cherries, but at some distance. The powerful roots of these trees oppress the sweet cherry. It should be excluded near the planting of linden, birch, as well as conifers – spruce and pine. Birch is completely out of place in the garden, it draws a lot of moisture from the soil.
Beds of tomatoes, peppers and potatoes located next to the sweet cherry will attract harmful insects. Bushes such as blackberries, raspberries, gooseberries should not be planted nearby. The best neighbors in the garden for cherries are cherries, plums, and honeysuckle.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Cherry seedling Bryanochka is chosen for two years, with roots about 25 cm long. The seedlings must be healthy, without damage, the height of the bush is about a meter.
Before planting, the roots are dipped in water to enrich with water. It is good to use a solution of “Kornevin” or “Fitosporin” for disinfection.
Landing algorithm
On prepared and fertilized soil, pits are made 70×70 cm in size and about half a meter deep. A mound of fertile land is poured into them. A seedling is placed on it, straightening the roots and preventing them from intertwining. Pour a little earth, water, then more earth. It is crushed and watered again – near a bucket under a bush. The landing site is mulched with grass or humus.
Plants are planted at a distance of 3 meters. It is advisable to plant several mutually pollinated varieties at the same time. The seedlings will grow and bloom at the same time, which will improve the pollination of Bryanochka cherries and ensure a good harvest of berries.
Culture aftercare
Agrotechnical practices, properly performed, can increase crop yields. First of all, you need to water the cherry on time. They do this four times a season:
- Before swelling of the kidneys.
- During flowering.
- At the time of formation of the ovary.
- In autumn for a successful wintering.
Of course, everyone does this when the weather is dry. If the summer is rainy, they are guided by the condition of the soil.
Start fertilizing from the third year of the tree’s existence. During the growing season and flowering, nitrogen-containing top dressing is done. When the fruits are formed and poured, organic matter, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are required. Cherries should also be fed before wintering. To do this, use a complete complex fertilizer.
After watering, it is necessary to loosen the near-stem space, mulch it with materials suitable for this.
Formative pruning of Bryanochka cherries is done for the first 4 years. When planting, the main shoot is shortened to 60 cm, then the plant is formed into 3-4 tiers. Each tier should contain 4 skeletal branches. The height of the tree can be adjusted independently to a comfortable size.
Important! We must not forget about sanitary pruning in the spring. By removing diseased and damaged branches, the gardener allows the sweet cherry to develop freely, avoiding unnecessary diseases.
Young plantings of sweet cherry Bryanochka cover the first 2-3 years. Wrap the tree with spruce paws, burlap or lutrasil. Peat or sawdust is poured around the trunk. An adult tree does not need winter shelter, it tolerates frosts of 30 degrees.
Pruning and shaping cherries:
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Diseases of culture | Description | Ways to get rid |
| perforated spotting
| Brown spots appear on the leaves, then holes in their place. Shoots crack, gum flows from them | All affected wood elements are cut out and burned. Dig up the soil around the tree. They spray the tree and soil with copper sulphate or Bordeaux mixture at 3% |
| Gray rot (moniliosis) | Brown spots appear on the leaves. The fruits are covered with rotten bloom. This is seen in wet weather. | The branches are cut 10 cm below the damage level. The tree is sprayed with fungicides: Azocen, Topsin, Horus |
| Kokkomikoz | The formation of brown spots on the front side of the sheet. Gradually they merge, the leaves dry up. The leaves fall already in the summer, exposing the tree | Rake and destroy fallen leaves. The tree is sprayed with copper or iron sulphate, Bordeaux mixture, fungicides. This is done in 10-12 days |
| vermin | Description of the pest | Ways to destroy them |
| cherry fly | Small fly with yellow spots and striped wings. Lays larvae in green fruits. The larvae eat the pulp of the fruit, then, turning back into a fly, fly out | Processing means “Iskra-bio”, “Healthy Garden”, “Fitoverm”. This should be done during the period of full flowering before the phase of falling petals. You can make traps with sticky tape |
| cherry sawfly | The beetle lays eggs on leaves and seals them. The larvae eat leaves down to bare skeletons. Then they go down and burrow into the ground | Digging the trunk circle in spring and autumn. Wood treatment with preparations “Karbofos”, “Aktara”, “Karate”, “Confidor”. Apply an infusion of chamomile or ash |
| Cherry weevil
| Green-red beetle with a proboscis. Makes holes in fruits and ovaries, destroying them. Winters in the soil under a tree | Digging the soil in autumn, trapping belts, insecticide treatment |
| black aphid | Small black bugs, leaf curl, a large number of ants on the tree | Spraying on the lower part of the leaves with preparations: Iskra, Intavir, Confidor-maxi, Fitoverm |
Conclusion
Sweet cherry Bryanochka is a good choice for amateur gardeners and not only. This tree requires very little attention, a minimum of pruning and preparation for winter. Its sweet berries, ripening at the end of July, prolong the period of consumption of this vitamin product.