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Gardeners, for the most part, are patient people, accustomed to waiting for years to harvest from their favorite plants on their site, regularly and patiently caring for them. After all, until the seedling gains strength and can give the first harvest, more than one year passes. But when the plant is already bearing fruit, you want the berries or fruits to appear as soon as possible, which is why ultra-early grape varieties are so popular among gardeners. This article will talk about the advantages of such grapes, and also in it you will find descriptions of some popular and well-established varieties.
Advantages of super early varieties
Grapes according to their ripening period are divided into the following types:
- ultra-early (up to 105 days);
- very early (105-115 days);
- early (115-120 days);
- medium early (120-125 days);
- medium (125-135 days);
- late (from 135 days).
The days of ripening are counted from the moment the central buds open in the eyes of the grape bush. However, the ripening period is a relative value and depends on the average air temperature per day. The optimum temperature for the ripening of grapes is from +2 to +32. If the weather is colder or, conversely, rises higher, then the berries will sing longer. Moreover, low temperatures are less dangerous than heat, in which the fruits not only ripen later, but also become less sweet.
The ripening period is a relative value and depends on the average air temperature per day.
Therefore, it is necessary to navigate according to weather conditions on average per season, and use the ripening period to calculate irrigation, fertilizer or spraying.
It is also worth noting that if the air temperature drops below +20 degrees Celsius, the ripening process slows down significantly. The saturation of the bush with moisture is also important – with insufficient watering, the fruits may not ripen at all.
Ultra-early grape varieties attract growers primarily because they require a low amount of active temperatures (that is, a small number of warm sunny days), so they will fully ripen even in the middle lane, despite the rather cool and short summer.
Another advantage is the ability, due to its precocity, to avoid most of the problems associated with fungal diseases, the most dangerous of which is mildew. Indeed, by the time this fungus is activated, the crop has been harvested, and gardeners get the opportunity to use more powerful drugs in the fight against infection, thereby leaving no chance for the disease.
Also, due to the huge margin of time, the ultra-early ones have no problems with the maturation of the vine and the accumulation of nutrients for wintering.
It is also important that the first harvest of the new year can always be sold at a good price, so gardeners often grow such varieties for sale.
Variety overview
Super early seedless
Super early seedless grapes ripen 80-85 days. It appeared as a result of crossing two hybrids Magarach 417 and Magarach 653. Even by the standards of precocious species, it requires an insignificant amount of active temperatures – only 1800 degrees Celsius.
Breeding scheme for extra early seedless grapes
Superearly is considered medium-sized – the bushes grow up to 1,5 meters in height, with abundant foliage. Clusters ripen large, up to 400 g each. Density is average. The grapes are medium in size, slightly elongated. The color is white with some golden tone and the skin is thin. The fruit is juicy, with dense pulp and pitted (which is reflected in the name).
Seedless has a high yield due to the fact that more than 70% of all shoots bear fruit, in addition, it can bear fruit on stepchildren that ripen by the end of August.
Seedless has a high yield due to the fact that more than 70% of all shoots bear fruit.
It suffers from crop overload, so you should not leave more than 25-30 shoots on the bush. The excess must be cut off, leaving 3-4 buds for the next year.
Seedless has an average winter hardiness, however, with proper shelter, it can also grow in the middle lane. Immune to soils. Grapes are weakly resistant to major fungal diseases, and therefore require regular preventive treatments.
Timur (Cucumber)
Timur is the result of the work of breeders to cross Frumoas Albe and Rapture. Known in the same way as Cucumber (due to the original shape of the berries). Ripening period – 95-105 days.
It has an increased yield (fruiting on 95% of all shoots). A ripe bunch reaches an average weight of 600 g. Grapes with a thin skin, beautiful amber or white color, conical pointed shape, quite dense, with a nutmeg aroma, sweet (up to 25% sugar).
Timur is demanding on soils – it gives good yields on light, well-aerated soils. Heavy soils and high humidity reduce the yield, while the berries become tasteless, but when fully ripe they are again saturated with sugar.
Timur is demanding on soils – it gives good yields on light, well-aerated soils.
Self-fertile, can be oppressed by neighboring vigorous species, so you need to choose the right landing site. Differs in early fruiting – the harvest can be harvested already for 2-3 years. Each shoot carries 2-3 bunches. The variety is prone to overload, so it needs regular pruning of the vine for 6-8 eyes.
Timur is a covering variety that tolerates frosts down to -25 degrees. It is also rarely affected by most fungal diseases, except for oidium, the fungus of which can successfully develop on fruits and foliage. In addition, grapes are affected by felt mites. Sulfur treatment can be successfully applied against these pests.
Berries tolerate long-term transportation well, while maintaining an excellent presentation.
Elegant superearly
Elegant super early – a hybrid with a ripening period of 100-110 days. Obtained by crossing Frumoas Albe and Rapture. Possesses low and weak force of growth.
Clusters have a large cylindrical-conical shape, weighing up to 500 g. The fruits are large, light green or white. The pulp of the berries is fleshy tender, with a nutmeg flavor. Sugar content is not less than 25%. The thin skin of the fruit has a dense structure and is a reliable protection against damage and from most parasitic pests.
To increase the mass of bunches, it is desirable to keep no more than 18 shoots per bush. The vine is cut into 6-8 buds.
Gardeners recommend planting Elegant in the southern regions, however, with proper care, it will be possible to get high yields of this crop to the north. Elegant belongs to frost-resistant covering varieties, it adequately withstands temperatures down to -25 degrees. Bushes successfully resist gray rot and mildew, as well as most other fungal diseases. Long-term presence of fruits on the bushes will not lead to a loss of taste and presentation. After grafting on a vigorous rootstock, you can cause an increase in the size of the berries and the bunch itself.
Super early red muscat
Created by Moldovan breeders. It takes 95-100 days to mature. You can start cleaning from the second decade of July.
Red Muscat has an average strength of growth. Clusters have a cylindrical shape, average density and weight up to 600 g. The berries are quite large (up to 5 g), have a slightly oval shape, with a dense peel. As they age, they change color from red to deep purple with a distinct nutmeg aftertaste. Sugar content 15-20%.
The peculiarity of Muscat is that it is not damaged by insects (wasps). One bunch ripens on the shoot. Ripe fruits can be placed on clusters for 2 months without losing their presentation. Vine pruning is average – no more than 8 buds.
The peculiarity of Muscat is that insects do not damage it.
Red Muscat has high frost resistance down to -23 degrees. However, for safety before the onset of frost, it must be covered. Muscat is very resistant to fungal infections with oidium, mildew and gray rot. The size of the berries depends on the accumulation of old wood – the older the grape bush in your garden, the larger they will be.
Superearly Cicatricial
The ripening period of this grape is 95-100 days. It was bred by the head of the Saratov OPH, Vera Vasilievna Rubtsova.
The bushes have a strong growth force. Clusters weighing up to 600 g. Berries are black, rounded, weighing up to 5 g. The pulp is juicy, covered with thin delicate skin. Sugar accumulation – 23%.
High yielding. Clusters, ripening in the second decade of July, can hang on a bush until December. It should be noted that the fruits do not suffer from the defeat of birds and wasps.
Grapes are frost-resistant, able to withstand air temperatures down to -24 degrees. Also proved to be highly resistant to fungal diseases.
By planting it on your site, you will always reap a decent harvest.
Olympiad
It will take 100-115 days to ripen the Olympiad variety. Obtained by crossing Yakidon and Pearl Saba.
Bushes vigorous. Clusters of a cylindrical shape of medium size and weighing up to 250 g. The berries are green, round or slightly oval. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, quite fleshy, containing no more than 2-3 seeds. The taste is pleasant, delicate, with a slight unobtrusive nutmeg aroma. The fruits have a thin and very delicate skin, as a result of which they are often damaged by wasps and birds.
Yields are closer to average and depend on weather conditions and climate. Feels good in the southern regions, however, due to its high winter hardiness, it can grow further north. The variety is practically not affected by gray rot, however, there are problems with mildew, however, due to early ripening, this disease does not have time to damage the crop.
Olympiad is characterized by unpretentious care and high adaptive performance, which is why it is so appreciated by gardeners.
Video “Care for fruit-bearing grape bushes”
This video will tell you how to properly care for a fruit-bearing grape bush.
Ultra-early grape varieties make it possible to enjoy juicy berries already in the middle of summer, in addition, they are resistant to fungal diseases, thanks to which they have earned people’s love and respect. However, grapes require constant attention: watering, pruning, fertilizing, spraying are necessary companions of high and regular yields.