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Single-headed chrysanthemum is a flowering crop bred for growing in open ground and in a greenhouse. All varieties are suitable for forcing and cutting. They differ in color, flower shape and stem height.
Description of single-headed chrysanthemums
A distinctive feature of all varieties of culture is large flowers and a long elastic stem.
Characteristics of single-headed chrysanthemums:
- grows in the form of a herbaceous shrub with erect peduncles;
- the length of the stems, depending on the variety, varies from 50 cm to 1 m;
- the structure of the shoots is plastic, the surface is often smooth, but sometimes ribbed;
- flowers are large (up to 25 cm in diameter), of various colors, double or semi-double;
- leaves with wavy edges, long, alternate;
- the root system is superficial, branched.
In greenhouse conditions, plants bloom at any time of the year. They are grown as annual seedlings.
Plants are used in floristry and ornamental gardening.
Single-headed representatives of the culture are called frost-resistant. Seedlings are distinguished by good resistance to infections. They are undemanding to care.
Varieties of single-headed chrysanthemums
Among single-headed chrysanthemums, specimens with large flowers, various colors and shapes are popular. For cutting, cultivated tall or medium-sized plants with different flowering periods.
Avignon
Avignon (Avignon) – a variety of single-headed chrysanthemums, which belongs to late flowering. The cutting period is at the end of October.
The flowers of the single-headed variety Avignon are densely double, large, reaching a diameter of 15 cm.
The shape is spherical, the petals are oblong with raised tops. The height of the plant does not exceed 80 cm. The bush is compact, densely leafy, with enhanced stem formation.
Depending on the variety, the color of the petals is rich or light pink with a creamy core.
Safina
Safina (Safina) – a variety of single-headed chrysanthemum obtained as a result of Dutch selection. The petals are needle-shaped, with different colors: brown closer to the center with a red tint, the ends are yellow or lemon. The diameter of the flower is 10-13 cm. The height of a single-headed plant is 75-80 cm. It blooms at the end of September.
Safina retains its presentation after cutting within 20 days
Magnum Yellow
Magnum Yellow hybrid from Holland. It belongs to the new varieties. The flowers of the single-headed variety are yellow, with a closed middle, spherical in shape, 25 cm in diameter. The bush is medium tall, the stems reach a length of 65-70 cm.
Magnum Yellow bloom time is at the end of August
Tom Pierce
Tom Pearce – a variety of terry single-headed chrysanthemums with medium-sized spherical flowers (7-10 cm). The bush grows up to 60 cm in height. Single-headed culture is characterized by high winter hardiness. Flowering continues from late August to mid-September.
The lower part of the petals of the single-headed Tom Pierce chrysanthemum is colored yellow, and the inner one is dark orange or terracotta
Ping pong
Popular with florists, the Ping Pong variety is distinguished by small flowers (7 cm in diameter). The rounded shape resembles balls of a pinkish-white hue. The plant is tall, can reach 1,2 cm. The flowering of a single-headed culture begins in September-October.
The petals of representatives of the Ping Pong variety are short, with concave edges, densely arranged.
Bowling
The gustomahrovy variety of single-headed chrysanthemums Bowl (Bowl) is characterized by abundant flowering, which begins at the end of August. The plant is compact, densely leafy, with numerous peduncles 85-90 cm high. The flowers are large, spherical, white in color with a greenish core, their diameter is 17-19 cm.
Boula retains beauty after cutting for three weeks
Lyuba
The gustomahrovy variety of single-headed chrysanthemums Luba (Luba) is distinguished by large flowers with a diameter of 20-22 cm. The color is maroon or purple. The bush is tall – 1 m and above. The flowering period begins in September and lasts 3 weeks.
The petals of representatives of the Lyuba variety are large, wide, the shape of the flowers resembles dahlias
Planting and caring for single-headed chrysanthemums
Growing conditions for all climatic zones are different. In the central zone, in the Urals or in Siberia, the plant is cultivated in greenhouse conditions. Almost all varieties bloom later, therefore, when grown in open ground, the flowers are damaged by the first frosts. In the South, culture is grown to decorate the landscape.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
All one-headed representatives of culture are photophilous. If chrysanthemums are cultivated in greenhouse structures, additional lamps are installed so that the daylight hours are at least 15-16 hours. Particular attention is paid to temperature, because the plant does not respond well to sudden changes. The optimal indicator for growth is +25 0C.
In an open area, a sunny area is chosen without periodic shading, protected from the north wind. Chrysanthemum develops well only on fertile soils, light, drained, with a neutral reaction. In early spring, the area allotted for single-headed chrysanthemums is dug up, organic matter and ash are scattered on top. Before planting, the bed is loosened to a depth of 15 cm, complex fertilizers are applied and watered abundantly.
Rules of landing
Planting time for single-headed chrysanthemums depends on the purpose and method of cultivation. Plants are planted in closed structures throughout the year for forcing and subsequent cutting. Approximately 90 days will pass from the moment the planting material is placed in the ground until flowering. Transfer to an open bed in the spring (May-June).
Planting is carried out taking into account the fact that the root system of single-headed chrysanthemums below 25 cm does not deepen, but branches well. With the mass placement of seedlings, at least 40 cm are left between them.
Landing sequence:
- Make a weak solution of manganese, heat up to +60 0C and water the prepared bed.
- In greenhouses, the planting recess should be 20-25 cm, in an open area – 30 cm, of which 10 cm is a drainage cushion.
- Chrysanthemum planting material is set vertically, the hole is covered with earth, slightly compacted.
- The plant is watered and the root circle is covered with mulch.
- After planting, break off the top and remove all the green mass from the stem.
Watering and top dressing
The requirements for caring for a single-headed chrysanthemum at home, on the open ground and in greenhouse structures are the same. The plant is moisture-loving, but at the same time it does not respond well to stagnant water. Adjust watering according to rainfall. In the greenhouse, they control that the soil does not dry out. Watering is carried out only under the root, sprinkling is not carried out for this type of crop.
For the formation of large, lush inflorescences, single-headed chrysanthemums need top dressing throughout the growing season:
- At the time of the formation of shoots, urea, nitrophoska or any nitrogen-based agent is applied to build up green mass.
The granules are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm around the plant.
- In the second half of August, chrysanthemums are fertilized with Agricola or superphosphate, this contributes to better bud formation. They make a working solution and carry out root dressing, carefully so that the liquid does not get on the stems or leaves.
- During the main flowering, potassium sulfate is added.
Reproduction of single-headed chrysanthemums
Basically, varieties of single-headed chrysanthemums are propagated by seeds that are formed in the center in tubular petals. There are varieties that have a different structure of flowers, so the plants are sterile.
Placed in an open area, chrysanthemums are grown as perennials, in which case the propagation method by dividing a three-year-old bush is quite suitable. Events are carried out in any period of the growing season, except for flowering.
The main and most productive method of propagation is cuttings. For open ground, the material is harvested in the fall, placed in containers with earth and kept until spring at a temperature of + 10-15 0C. In greenhouses, cuttings are determined on a bed immediately after harvesting.
Diseases and pests of single-headed chrysanthemums
Fungal infections very rarely affect single-headed chrysanthemums. At high humidity of the soil and air, gray mold can be observed. In greenhouses, this phenomenon is rare, because the structures are constantly ventilated. In an open area, plants get sick in the rainy and cold season.
They get rid of the problem with Topaz, the working solution treats not only the bush, but also the soil around it
When grown in a closed way, aphids parasitize on a single-headed chrysanthemum. Spark helps to cope with it. Slugs may appear in an open area. They are effectively destroyed by Metaldehyde.
The effect of using a contact preparation appears after 3 hours
Conclusion
Single-headed chrysanthemum is a tall hybrid variety designed for cutting. Varieties are used not only in floristry, but also for landscape design. The culture is grown both in greenhouses and in an open area.
