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Among the many attempts at classification, roses are divided into park and garden. The former include those hybrids and varieties of wild rose that do not need or almost do not need to be insulated for the winter, and the latter are the results of crossing subtropical and European varieties that require special agricultural technology and mandatory shelter during the cold period. Garden include miniature, ground cover, border, vintage, climbing. They also include spray roses, also called shrub, bushy or scrubs.
Botanical features
Roses come in different sizes, their height varies from 25 cm to 3,5 m. Shrabs are distinguished by strong upright shoots that form wide sprawling or tall pyramidal bushes, flower growers usually work on their shape, often use various supports to help plants create decorative compositions. Shoots of different varieties are both very prickly and completely without thorns. Rose bushes consist of skeletal branches (they are usually called uterine) and annual young shoots, the number of which is controlled by a person.
On the shoots are green, different shades of non-partipinnate leaves, consisting of oval leaves with an edge of varying degrees of indentation. Flowers with a diameter of 2 to 18 cm grow on a long peduncle (it can be from 10 to 90 cm tall), and they are single or collected in inflorescences, sometimes even 200 pieces. The flowers themselves amaze with beauty, a variety of colors, shapes of petals, many are distinguished by an exquisite or simply pleasant aroma. One flower can consist of five petals or have up to one and a half hundred of them, that is, they are simple, semi-double or double. Flower shapes are also different: flat, saucer-shaped, spherical, cup-shaped, cone-shaped, pion-shaped, and so on.
As for the color of the petals, out of the entire spectrum of roses, only blue is not painted. But there are varieties whose flowers change color or combine 2 – 3 shades.
Modern spray roses, whose varieties are so different from their progenitor, belong to the genus Rosehip, but very often obtained by crossing varieties and hybrids that go back to the evergreen Asian subtropical rose. That is why the question of how to cover a spray rose is important, because it has very heat-loving plants in its ancestors.
Video “Care”
From the video you will learn everything about caring for these plants.
Traditional and small-flowered
Our amateur flower growers value spray roses as much as professional designers. In addition to the undeniable beauty and a huge selection of shapes, colors, aromas, summer residents are attracted by the relative ease of care and durability of these plants. Long flowering from June to September, or re-budding after a while, allows you to choose plants for your garden in such a way that a blooming rose will always reign in it.
Among white varieties, the English rose “Claire Austin” is popular. Its round, branched shrub is 1 m high, the pompon-shaped double flower blooms pale yellow petals, which become creamy white as the flower opens, distinct notes of vanilla and meadow grasses are caught in the myrrh aroma. From the same Austin group, a new variety “William and Catherine” appeared: an upright branchy bush grows up to 1,2 m, cup-shaped flowers are double white with a calm aroma. It is very important that this variety shows good resistance to leaf diseases.
Terry spherical white flowers with a green tint on the outer petals of the Artemis variety are collected in anise-scented brushes. A branched bush grows up to 1,3 m tall, it is distinguished by lush flowering, rapid growth of shoots.
The modern variety “Summer Memoris” with its cupped double white flowers resembles old roses. Tall, up to 1,5 m, branchy bush delight with long flowering, resistance to traditional leaf diseases.
Of the varieties of the pink palette, the romantic “Sindarella” with its large fragrant terry pale pink flowers enjoys the well-deserved love of flower growers. Its very long (up to 2 m) stiff branches necessarily require support and good shelter for the winter.
“Meyan”, “Fritz Nobis”, “Gartentraume” – the flowers of these varieties delight the eye with soft pink petals, and the sense of smell – with pleasant aromas. They grow up to one and a half meters, and “Fritz Nobis” even up to 2 m, its hard shoots bow to the ground in an arcuate manner.
The new variety “Flashlight” with pink terry flowers and a pleasant aroma combines the dreams of flower growers – the smell, the charm of delicate petals, frost resistance, indifference to major diseases and rain.
The old proven variety Flurinskgold has been popular for over 70 years. Its golden yellow (and very light by the end of flowering) non-double flowers bloom in spring, before all other relatives. After a single flowering, the bush, which has grown to 2 m wide, remains the decoration of the garden – its long shoots with dark green foliage lean towards the ground in arcs, growing up to 2,5 m.
Still from the yellow palette, I would like to note the varieties “Golden Celebration” and “Lady Emma Hamilton”. Their bushes are tall and branched, and the flowers are terry, filled with yellow-hot colors. “Golden Celebration” in the south, where it is not necessary to cover for the winter, is grown as a climbing rose, its harsh shoots are braided onto supports.
A shrub rose, easy to care for due to its frost resistance and resistance to most diseases, this is an excellent “Shining Light”. Her radiant yellow flowers, collected in brushes, please with abundance, and the bushes grow up to 1,3 m.
The dark red flowers of “Red Eden Rose” and the velvety red “Tornella” delight with rich color, a large number of petals in a double flower and a pleasant aroma.
Bushes branched with long stiff shoots look very decorative on appropriate supports, in a warm mild climate, “Red Aden Rose” is grown like a climbing rose.
‘Roter Corsair’ and ‘Tuscany’ showcase various shades of crimson red, their semi-double cupped flowers profusely cover long curving shoots. “Tuscany” blooms only once in the middle of summer, but is not inferior in popularity to its relatives, which bloom all season.
How to use a bush support
Shrub roses are distinguished by stiff upright shoots, many of them form compact low bushes that grow well without supports. But among them there are specimens whose shoots grow up to 2,5 m or more. They, as a rule, first grow steadily upwards, and then bend, leaning towards the ground. It is much easier to grow them using supports. This will protect branches weighed down by flowers from injury by wind or rain, facilitate their care, and give decorativeness to the bush.
Most often, gardens use supports in the form of arches, pergolas, pillars, monuments or trellises. Arches perfectly decorate the entrance to the territory of the site or highlight a certain area of the garden. To braid pillars, monuments or pyramids with straight-growing shoots, you need to work hard, directing young shoots in the right direction, fixing them on a support. But the result is worth it. Vertical supports are used as an element of the flower garden, in which the solo part is assigned to the rose. And you can install them along the paths or near the benches – this will create a unique garden decor and the right mood for relaxation.
A trellis, installed near a not very beautiful wall, is able to support the heavy branches of rose bushes and hide behind them everything that the owner of the site does not want to show. First, a support is installed at the chosen place, and then roses are planted next to it. This arrangement ensures that the roots of the plants are not damaged when the support is installed. The trellis can simply be a chain-link mesh or a beautiful wooden ladder, painted white. Carefully fixing growing shoots on it, you can form a bush so that all the flowers will be on only one side, if there is no one to look at it from the other. Or, on the contrary, even with stiff upright shoots, you can twist a white wooden mesh with large cells so that a wonderful wall of dark green foliage with fragrant flowers will look equally great from both sides. By the way, a white tree among dark greenery is a classic element of a regular garden.
Care instructions
Shrub roses require quite traditional care. The place should be chosen bright, sunny, protected from drafts and the north wind. Although many roses will prefer light partial shade during the hottest part of the day. The soil should be loose and nutritious, slightly acidic. If it is too heavy, then it is worth adding peat and compost to it, dig it deep, you can add bone meal, and in case of severe acidification, also dolomite flour.
You can plant a seedling in a permanent place in spring until mid-May or in autumn so that it has time to take root before the arrival of real frosts. It is advisable to buy it in a nursery, if the roots are open, then carefully inspect: make sure that the roots are alive, not overdried, the shoots are whole and healthy. Before planting, you need to shorten dry roots to a living place, shorten all shoots to a living bud, soak the roots in warm water for several hours.
A hole with a depth of at least 50 cm must be dug in advance, loosen the earth at its bottom, pour out a hill of earth mixed with compost and complex mineral fertilizers so that the roots installed on it are placed at the correct depth. The correct planting depth is the deepening of the root collar (or scion site) to a depth of approximately 5 cm below ground level.
Then the roots are lowered into the pit, all the roots are straightened down the slopes of the hill of earth with fertilizers, the pit is carefully buried, shaking the seedling slightly so that voids do not form. Then the earth is rammed, watered with a bucket of water, mulched. For the first couple of weeks, it is better to shade the bush and gradually accustom it to the sun.
In autumn, a planted plant no longer needs to be pruned before winter. With the onset of cold weather, they simply spud it, raking 25 cm of earth, then cover it with peat and dry leaves from above. If the winter is expected to be harsh, then a frame is built over the bush and covered with roofing felt or non-woven fabric and film. It is only necessary to close it tightly after the temperature drops to -10 or -15 degrees so that the plant does not dry out. In the spring, a planted rose will already have time to grow before its first wintering. If she was not allowed to bloom, she was properly looked after, then she was strong enough to overwinter well. She already needs to carry out autumn pruning – shorten the shoots, remove damaged or breaking the shape of the bush, and then cover for the winter in accordance with the requirements of the variety and expected frosts.
Pruning is carried out in order to form a bush, which is done from the first year, to prevent thickening. Usually pruned in spring, autumn and summer, if you need to remove damaged shoots.
Roses are drought-resistant flowers, they should not be allowed to overmoisten the roots. In grafted bushes, the root usually grows deep, they need to be watered rarely, but plentifully. In bushes grown from cuttings, the root system is located just below the surface, they require more frequent, moderate watering. Water in the morning or evening with warm settled water so that water does not fall on the greens.
All season you need to weed and loosen the ground around the bushes. In spring and in the first half of summer, they are fed with a solution of slurry (in wet weather in a foliar way), with special fertilizer complexes for roses. Then nitrogen fertilization is stopped, and potassium and phosphorus are added. In August, they stop feeding so that the plant has time to prepare for the dormant period.
Diseases and pests
Roses can suffer from fungal diseases (most often they are affected by powdery mildew), from rust and various rot. Excessive dampness provokes most diseases, and a sharp cold snap, an abundance of moisture and a lack of sun can become a trigger. To prevent this from happening, you need to monitor the air permeability of the bush, do not let the branches obscure each other. The affected parts of the plant are removed, the bush is treated with special means. “Ridomil Gold”, “Fundazol”, “Skor”, “Bactofit” will help to overcome diseases. And if chlorosis develops (leaves change color), then you need to do a soil analysis to find out which element the plants lack.
A rose can be threatened by many parasites that want to drink its juice or devour greens – aphids, mites, scale insects, sawflies, beetles, caterpillars. There are chemicals that will help get rid of pests when they appear. But it is possible to carry out the treatment of plants in the spring for the prevention of “Karbofos”, “Aktellik”, “Rogor” even before the awakening of the kidneys and in the fall after the leaf fall.
Reproduction technology
Varietal roses can be propagated by dividing the bush, layering, root offspring and cuttings. An adult bush can be divided into parts in early spring or autumn, each of which contains a root and shoots. You need to cut with a sharp pruner or a knife with disinfected blades, treat the cut points with wood ash, and then plant the parts separately and take care of them like seedlings.
Layers are rooted in the spring – a young shoot is added dropwise, fixing it in the ground, and the tip is tied up so that it grows up. You can even expose the buried part of the shoot, that is, remove the bark from it. This place needs to be shaded and watered. By autumn, roots will appear, and next spring a new plant can be cut off from the mother and transplanted.
Root offspring can be cut off from the bush along with the root and transplanted. Cuttings are specially cut and rooted in one of the most common ways. This can be done from the beginning of the formation of buds until the end of flowering. But most often, the cuttings are cut in the fall during the pruning of the bush, they are added dropwise in the cellar until spring, and then they are rooted in the ground. Or they root at home, and then in the spring they plant a small but independent plant.
In garden decor
In single plantings, rose gardens and mixed flower beds, a rose can become a real decoration of the garden. Some gardeners select varieties according to the timing of flowering so that the whole season, replacing each other, roses delight the owners with an endless string of exquisite colors, aromas and flower shapes.
Roses are often planted in the middle of lawns and yards so that their perfection can be admired from all sides. Or with their help create cozy corners for relaxation.
Roses are a malleable material in the hands of designers. They are used to create green hedges and accents on flower beds, for independent group or single plantings. The most interesting thing here is an infinite number of options, everyone can try to create their own masterpiece.
Video “Diseases and pests”
From the video you will learn about the diseases of the bushes and their pests.
