Contents
Setkonoska double – exotic in appearance conditionally edible mushroom. He, according to traditional healers, has healing properties and helps to activate the immune system. The product is eaten only in the stage of a young ovoid fruiting body. This fungus is very rare in domestic forests.
What does a double mesh sock look like?
Сетконоска сдвоенная – гриб, относящийся к семейству Веселковые (Фаллюсовые, Phallaceae), группе Нутриевиков. Синонимичные названия вида:
- dictiophora paired;
- double phallus;
- lady with a veil, lady with a veil, stinker – folk names.
The double net-carrier can be found from July to September. From an ecological point of view, it is a saprotroph, that is, organic remains are needed for its development. In nature, it performs the function of a soil former and wood destroyer. The spores of the net-socket are carried by flies. To attract these insects, it exudes a smell reminiscent of the smell of carrion.
According to the description and photo of the fungus given below, we can conclude about the characteristic features of the double Setkonoska:
- fruit egg. The fungus in the process of development goes through two stages that differ significantly in external characteristics. At the initial stage of the formation of a double net-socket, its fruiting body has an ovoid shape and is located in the ground. Coming to the surface, it reaches 60 – 80 mm in diameter, but its third part continues to remain in the soil. The egg is heavy and dense, at the base of it there are mycelial strands of white color. The surface of the young fruiting body is covered with matte peridium (protective sheath). As it matures, it acquires a yellowish-brown hue. Gradually, the shell opens, and a mushroom of a special elongated shape appears from the egg.
- head. The fruiting body of a mature net-bearer is crowned with a gleba (cone-shaped hat), under which spores ripen. It has a ribbed structure and is covered with a greenish mucous membrane. Its width and height is 30×50 mm. There is a small round hole at the top of the cap.
- Споры. Споры очень мелкие (3,6х1,7 мкм), овальной формы, зеленые с гладкой поверхностью. Их разносят, в основном, мухи.
- Leg. The leg of the double net-sock is hollow inside and has a cylindrical shape. At the base and cap, its diameter is smaller than in the central part. The leg quickly grows up to 15 – 25 cm in length and 2 – 3 cm in thickness. Its growth rate can reach 5 mm per minute. In the lower part of the leg, a shell in the form of a Volvo with several blades is preserved. At first, the leg is strictly vertical. Reaching maturity, she leans down.
- Indian. Such a scientific name has the most characteristic part of the dictiophora – a reticulum with rounded cells of irregular shape. It hangs down in the form of a cone, covering the leg of the double net-sock from the cap to the middle or base. The main function of the mesh is to increase the smelling surface area for attracting flies and dead beetles.
In the early stages of the indium, it has a bright white color, and then gradually acquires a light brown color with a light green or pinkish undertone. At night, it attracts nocturnal insects with a greenish glow.
Where does the double netted mushroom grow?
The optimal conditions for the growth of the double net-bearer, or dictiophora, are created by a warm and humid environment, loose humus, covered with decomposed plant and wood remains. It grows only in deciduous and mixed forests with a predominance of deciduous trees. It is found very rarely in single copies. Even less often you can meet her growing in small groups of 2-6 fruiting bodies.
The populations of the double netted beetle and its distribution area are rapidly declining for as yet unexplored reasons. It is believed that this is caused by global climate change. Another likely reason is the low culture of mushroom pickers, who, when they see an unfamiliar fruiting body, tend to destroy it.
You can meet the double net-carrier in very limited areas:
- В России: в Новосибирской обл. у пос. Ключи (Искитимский р-н) и с. Новобибиево (Болотинский р-н), Московской, Белгородсткой, Томской обл., Забайкалье, Хабаровском, Приморском и Красноярском краях, в окрестностях г. Томска, на южном берегу Крыма она растет в Никитском ботаническом саду;
- In Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan);
- In Northern Europe (Lithuania).
Twined net-bearer is a rare mushroom, listed in the Red Book since 1984. It is not cultivated or propagated under specially created conditions. Special measures for its protection of this species have not been developed. Protective measures consist in identifying habitats and monitoring the development of the population.
Is it possible to eat a double net-carrier
Setkonoska double refers to conditionally edible mushrooms. Only its young fruiting bodies can be eaten while they are in the egg stage.
The life span of dictiophora duplex does not exceed 24 hours. Most often, it is found when it already has the appearance of an inedible fruiting body with an openwork net that exudes an unpleasant odor. It is not easy to find it in the edible stage.
The taste of the mushroom
The taste qualities of the double mesh socks are low. It is classified as a mushroom of low taste and consumer value and is assigned to the fourth category.
The pulp of an unripe dictiophora, suitable for human consumption, has a jelly-like consistency, odorless and tasteless. As it matures, it acquires a specific characteristic smell of carrion.
Benefits and harm to the body
According to traditional healers, the double net-carrier has useful properties that activate the work of the human immune system. The polysaccharides that make up its tissues contribute to the synthesis of proteins that destroy the walls of cancer cells. Special biologically active substances give the fruiting body antibacterial properties. In addition, its use for medicinal purposes helps to alleviate certain conditions:
- in violation of the digestive system;
- tuberculosis;
- thrombophlebitis;
- hypertension;
- joint diseases.
In case of an allergic reaction to mushrooms, exacerbation of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, the use of net socks both for food and externally should be discarded.
False doubles
В молодом виде диктиофору неопытные грибники могут спутать с грибами, имеющими шарообразную форму:
- with rain cover;
- с царским грибом.
Mushrooms of the Veselka species have similarities with the double net-carrier:
- Диктиофора колокольчатая. It does not grow in the forests of Our Country and the CIS. Its habitat is the tropics of Brazil. It is larger and brighter in color.
- Veselka common. It is distinguished by the appearance of the hat and the absence of a net around the stem. The cap of the vessel is smooth, without a cellular structure and is colored green.
- Veselka Hadriana. The main difference of this fungus is that it does not have a mesh and its fruiting eggs are colored pink.
Collection rules
Setkonoska double – relic mushroom. Its collection is prohibited on the territory of the Federation. When a place of its growth is found, it is necessary to report this fact to the environmental authorities.
Use
The young egg-shaped fruiting bodies of the net-bearer are usually eaten raw, peeled off and seasoned with salt and spices. You can use the product with sour cream. Double dictiophora is not salted or pickled.
The fruiting bodies of the mesh can be fried without removing the shell. But it is believed that after heat treatment, their beneficial properties disappear.
Some gardeners are trying to grow a net-bearer in home gardens as an exotic. To do this, it is recommended to do this:
- To get the spores, the hat is removed from the double netting and wrapped in mulch from the forest floor.
- In the conditions of a personal plot, a hat with a layer of forest substrate is placed under garden organic soil and watered periodically.
- The place where the hat is placed must not be dug up and loosened.
Application in folk medicine
You can find such examples of the use of mesh socks for medicinal purposes:
- A. S. Pushkin used a tincture of the fungus to treat manifestations of thrombophlebitis;
- Honore de Balzac, thanks to the double dictiophora, got rid of a stomach ulcer;
- the inhabitants of the villages located around the city of Opochka (Pskov region) often consumed raw, finely chopped mesh with sour cream and did not get cancer.
In folk medicine, a double net-carrier is used for gout and rheumatism in the form of a tincture. To prepare it, you need to cut the raw egg-shaped fruiting bodies into small pieces and put them, without compacting, in a half-liter jar. Then pour mushrooms with weak (30 – 35 0C) vodka or moonshine and leave for 21 days. At night, you can make a compress from the tincture and apply it to sore joints, wrapping it with a woolen cloth.
Conclusion
The double net-bearer is a relict mushroom with unique characteristics, which is at the stage of extinction. It has low taste. In folk medicine, it is used for its medicinal properties to relieve joint pain in gout and rheumatism. It is rare and listed in the Red Book.
