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Being an Indian creeper by origin, the cucumber is not enthusiastic about the cold. But plants have no chance against the wishes of man, so the cucumber had to adapt to the harsh conditions of the Ural region.
The selection of Ural cucumbers was aimed not only at productivity, but also at frost resistance in Siberian conditions. Today, quite frost-resistant varieties have already been bred that can grow even in open ground in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. Although even these varieties grow in the open field in the summer. In the spring it is better to keep them under the film.
At the beginning of germination, cucumbers require a lot of heat, so often experienced gardeners put fresh horse manure under the seeds. This is the only type of fresh manure in which plants can be planted. At the same time, horse manure that has dried to a dry pellet is no longer good for anything other than mulching.
Varieties of selection for open ground in the Urals
Cold-resistant varieties are divided into two groups: F1 hybrids and high-yielding F1 superbeam hybrids.
Hybrids for open ground
“Altai F1”
The variety is bee-pollinated, so open ground is preferable. Universal. Very good for conservation.
Can be grown outdoors and in greenhouses. Early ripe. Scourge one hundred and twenty centimeters long. Cucumbers are about ten centimeters and weighing eighty-five grams.
Seeds are planted in open ground or under a film to a depth of one and a half to two centimeters. Seedlings are planted at the end of May. Plant density up to ten per square meter. Requires watering with warm water and ten-day top dressing with nitrogenous fertilizers.
“White Sugar F1”
Up to 12 cm long, suitable for preservation and salads. They look very beautiful and exotic on the beds.
Mid-season newly bred hybrid. Universal parthenocarpic. The fruits are already difficult to call greens. They have a beautiful creamy white color.
Seeds are sown for seedlings in early April at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Planted in the ground after the end of frost. In open ground, seeds are sown at the end of May to a depth of a centimeter – one and a half. Crops are covered with foil. Number of plants 12-14 per square meter. Requires watering with warm water and fertilizer twice a month.
Ajax F1
Pollinated only by bees and for this reason is not suitable for greenhouses.
Early ripe high-yielding hybrid, excellent for industrial cultivation. When grown industrially on trellises, combined with fertilization and drip irrigation, it can produce up to a ton of cucumbers per hectare. Fruit weight 100 gr.
In open ground, it is better to plant seedlings already. Planted on beds 0,6-0,7 m wide with a distance between plants of fifteen to twenty centimeters. Thanks to selection, the variety produces a moderate amount of lateral shoots, so only stepchildren are removed on the first two to three nodes.
“Taganai F1”
Fruits on the thirty-seventh day after the emergence of sprouts. Fruits up to ten centimeters.
A new ultra-early hybrid obtained by conventional breeding. There are two or three ovaries in the knot. They are universal. Suitable for preservation, pickling, making pickles or fresh consumption.
Does not suffer from powdery mildew. Differs in original property: combines signs of beam and bush grades. The stem branches strongly, holding back the growth of the main lash. For this reason, the hybrid is ideal for growing it in spread, that is, in a horizontal plane.
Superbeam varieties of hybrids
They are distinguished by high yield due to the formation of many fruits in one node. They can produce up to four hundred fruits from one plant. Plant no more than two bushes per square meter so that the plants receive enough sunlight. Resistant to major cucumber diseases.
“Mels F1”
Cucumbers are not bitter, but the bush requires abundant watering. Mels should not be planted too closely.
A very early maturing variety of cucumbers. From seedlings to the first cucumbers, only thirty-six days. The length of greens is up to ten centimeters, and in each node there are five – seven ovaries. Its planting pattern: a square of 0,7×0,7 m. Due to the abundance of fruits, harvesting must be carried out daily. Resistant to major diseases.
“Beam Splendor F1”
Designed for growing in greenhouses. Fruiting until late autumn. It has the ability to regulate the growth of lateral shoots when the main stem is loaded with a high yield.
Gherkin early hybrid. Parthenocarpic variety. Forms bundles of three to five ovaries. Fruit size – 8-11 cm. Suitable for pickling.
Resistant to major diseases and low temperatures. Recommended for cultivation in the northern regions. Well suited for areas located in the lowlands.
“F1 Perfection”
Ideal for preservation due to dense pulp. Cucumbers are crispy.
The hybrid is early, intended for greenhouses. In bunches of three to six ovaries. The size of cucumbers is up to ten centimeters with abundant “pubescence”. The spines are not prickly.
Fruiting begins on the thirty-seventh day after germination. Yields up to thirty kilograms per square meter.
In addition to disease resistance, it differs from other varieties in the absence of bitterness, even when grown in an unfavorable environment. For this reason, it is very good in fresh salads.
“Envy F1”
Very popular with gardeners. Can be planted in open ground, greenhouses or greenhouses.
A hybrid variety that fully justifies the pretentious name. It grows excellently in the shade, which makes it possible to grow it indoors. Early maturing. Cucumbers up to twelve centimeters long, three to six ovaries in a knot. Great for salting.
Branching is genetically self-regulating. Yields are consistently high. Subject to agricultural technology, there is no bitterness.
Seedlings are planted for seedlings in the last week of March – the first week of April. Seedlings are transferred to the ground only in warm ground with a guaranteed absence of frost. From the cold they cover with a film or non-woven material.
Immediately into the ground, the seeds are sown in the warmed earth to a depth of one and a half to two centimeters with a planting pattern of 0,6×0,15 m.
The disadvantages of this variety include the inability to collect seeds for further cultivation and the relative high cost of seed material in stores.
“Siberian garland F1”
The variety is distinguished by a very large number of cucumbers hanging on lashes like light bulbs on a New Year’s garland.
Small, five-, eight-centimeter cucumbers are ideal for pickling. The flesh is firm, without voids inside. The hybrid is one of the most shade-loving, so it is necessary to provide it with protection from direct sunlight. In the heat, the cucumbers will be small, the yield will greatly decrease. Wind does not like. Requires a lot of nutrients. A good harvest shows when fertilized with rotted mullein.
The first crop is harvested one and a half months after planting. It should be borne in mind that untimely harvesting reduces the fertility of the bush. With proper care, you can shoot from thirty to forty kilograms of gherkins per square meter.
You can plant both seedlings and seeds. Seeds are sown to a depth of one and a half centimeters at a distance of 0,15 meters from each other. The distance between the beds is 0,6 meters.
Wanting to get a crop of cucumbers early, the Siberian garland is planted in greenhouses.
General principles for growing superbeam hybrids
Plants are formed into one stem to improve illumination and provide the ovaries with good nutrition. Remove female flowers with side shoots on the first three nodes and up to the trellis, side shoots are removed from all other internodes. After the formation of the first crop, the cucumber needs nitrogen fertilizer. In addition to nitrogen, it is worth feeding the plants with complex fertilizers and organic matter (diluted manure). Water abundantly and regularly. The number of mature plants per square meter is not more than two. Harvesting is regular and timely.
Under these conditions, superbeam hybrids will please you with a very high yield.
Greenhouse
«RMT F1»
The variety is also suitable for open ground, but it is preferable to grow it in greenhouses. Puchkovy precocious. Forms up to ten ovaries at each node.
The number of simultaneously ripening cucumbers is from twenty to thirty. The variety is universal. Gherkins up to thirteen centimeters in size. It withstands drought well, giving large yields even in dry summers.
Conclusion
When buying seeds in a store, carefully read the characteristics of the variety. You will have to buy them every year, since all varieties bred by the Miass breeding station are first-generation hybrids and it is impossible to get seeds from them for breeding. In addition, parthenocarpic varieties may not produce seeds at all.