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Retinoids belong to a group of chemical compounds whose properties resemble those of vitamin A. Their role in the human body is very diverse. The properties of retinoids are used, among others in dermatological treatment and skin care, but they can also help in the treatment of certain cancers.
Retinoids are substances similar to vitamin A. They are used in the treatment of dermatological diseases such as acne. However, it should be remembered that retinoids are also perfect for skin care. Where are retinoids used? Are there any contraindications to their use?
Retinoids – types
There are three generations of retinoids:
- XNUMXst generation retinoids – these are natural non-selective retinoids (retinol and its metabolites);
- XNUMXnd generation retinoids – these are monoaromatic retinoids (synthetic versions of vitamin A);
- XNUMXrd generation retinoids – these are polyaromatic retinoids with selective receptor activity.
Retinoids – application
Retinoids affect the regulation of cell division, which is why they have been used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases:
- pre-cancerous conditions, e.g., leukoplakia;
- proliferative diseases, e.g., squamous cell carcinoma;
- Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS patients;
- acute promyelocytic leukemia.
However, most often retinoids are associated with dermatology. Retinoids regenerate the skin, intensely moisturize it, and also reduce inflammation in the case of frostbite and burns.
Retinoids are also often used to treat acne as they not only speed up the renewal of the outer layers of the epidermis, but also help exfoliate dead cells. Thanks to them, the skin produces less sebum, the skin becomes cleaner and inflammation is reduced. During acne treatment, retinoids are administered both topically and systemically, and as part of complex therapy.
Retinoids are also used to treat psoriasis. Again, they are used topically as well as systemically.
Retinoids are also used in the treatment of, inter alia, rosacea, lichen planus, ichthyosis, lupus erythematosus and various viral diseases such as molluscum contagiosum.
Retinoids are also used in cosmetics. Cosmetics with retinoids are used for the care of oily and mature skin. It is a frequent ingredient of anti-wrinkle creams, whose task is to reduce wrinkles and make the skin more elastic. Retinol lightens discoloration, nourishes and oxygenates the skin, thanks to which the skin retains its nice color.
Retinoids are also an ingredient in dietary supplements. We can also find vitamins, minerals and plants in them. Retinoid supplements are to supplement our diet and provide the missing nutrients.
Retinoids – contraindications
Retinoids are completely banned during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Their use may lead to serious disorders in the development of the fetus, including hydrocephalus or cardiovascular defects. That is why it is so important to use effective methods of contraception while using retinoids, and the patient must undergo a pregnancy test before starting treatment.
When using retinoids, you should also avoid strong sun and UV rays as this can severely damage the skin.
Retinoids – side effects
Retinoids can cause certain side effects. When applied to the skin, excessive sensitivity, dryness and redness of the skin and mucous membranes may appear. There may be itching, irritation, erythema, rash and sweating. Hair and nails may also weaken.
The use of retinoids may cause dryness, burning and watery eyes.
Retinoids can also cause gastrointestinal disorders or pancreatitis. As a result, the use of high doses of retinoids may lead to liver disorders, and even bleeding from the digestive system. In this case, their use should be discontinued immediately.
Bone pain, calcification of tendons and ligaments are also common. It should also be remembered that the use of retinoids can affect the development of osteoporosis and many other diseases.
Any emerging side effects depend on the dose level and duration of use. It happens that they may disappear if we reduce the dose or stop retinoids for a while.
Before use, read the leaflet, which contains indications, contraindications, data on side effects and dosage as well as information on the use of the medicinal product, or consult your doctor or pharmacist, as each drug used improperly is a threat to your life or health.