Reproduction of hawthorn seeds at home

Hawthorn is a perennial shrub with fragrant flowers and bright red fruits from the Rosaceae family. When growing in a summer cottage, every gardener should have an idea of ​​uXNUMXbuXNUMXbhow hawthorn can be propagated. The plant is responsive to all methods of reproduction, choosing the most suitable one, you can grow a beautiful shrub that will decorate your summer cottage.

How hawthorn breeds

In order for the hawthorn to develop well in the garden, you need to know the rules of care, planting and reproduction. Hawthorn can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, branch, grafting and root cuttings and increments:

1. Cuttings. For this propagation method, young green shoots are cut at an acute angle 10–15 cm long. The lower foliage is removed, the upper one is shortened by half the length. The prepared planting material is planted in soil prepared from sand and peat. In order for rapid root formation to occur, the cutting is treated in Kornevin or Epin and air humidity of at least 80% is created. The method has disadvantages: poor rooting, low survival rate.
2. root increments. Since the plant is a bush, root taps are formed every year. In autumn or late summer, the offspring is carefully disconnected from the mother bush and transplanted to a prepared place.
3. Withdrawal. To obtain a new plant, 1-2-year-old shoots are placed in a prepared trench so that the upper part rises on the surface of the earth. The outlet is sprinkled with earth, the soil is shed and mulched. At the end of summer, the shoot will take root and be ready for transplanting.
4. Root cuttings. Planting material is stocked in the fall. For this method, lignified roots 10–15 cm long are used. In spring, the rhizome is divided in half and planted in the ground at an acute angle, leaving 1 cm above the surface. Germination occurs only when the air humidity is not lower than 80%.
5. Seeds. The seeds are covered with a thick shell and the probability of germination is very low.

Before sowing, for better germination, you need to heed the advice:

• use unripe fruits;
• carry out stratification;
• treat the seeds with sodium nitrate;
• soak for 5 days in warm water before sowing.

Reproduction of hawthorn by seeds and cuttings is a difficult process that can bring a negative result instead of the expected one.

How to grow hawthorn from seeds

Propagation of hawthorn seeds is painstaking work and requires a lot of time and patience. A shrub grown from seeds will not inherit the beauty of the mother plant, therefore it is not recommended to propagate valuable varieties by this method.

Growing hawthorn from seeds at home

It is difficult to propagate hawthorn at home, and this method is not suitable for young gardeners. Before planting, it is necessary to prepare the seed, container and soil. After the appearance of the first shoots, the plant needs proper care.

Stratification of hawthorn seeds

To obtain friendly seedlings when propagating hawthorn seeds, the seed must be stratified. Without preliminary preparation, the seeds will not sprout.

For reproduction, unripe, large, healthy fruits are selected. The shell is cut and the pulp with seeds is removed, which must undergo stratification. For this:

1. Planting material, along with the pulp, is soaked in warm water.
2. A day later, carefully removed from the water and rubbed through a sieve.
3. Separated grains are soaked for a day in 1% potassium nitrate.
4. The prepared material is wrapped in canvas and put in a cellar or refrigerator for the whole winter. You can use another method: the seeds are mixed with river sand, placed in a container, spilled and cleaned in a cool room.

Soil and tank preparation

After the preparatory work, the seeds are planted in a wide, deep pot. A 15 cm layer of drainage and nutrient soil are laid at the bottom. To prepare the land for planting, you need to mix peat, coarse sand, humus and leafy soil. Before sowing seeds, the soil is watered with boiling water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

How to plant hawthorn seeds

Since the germination of hawthorn seeds is low, they are sown quite densely and shallowly. After planting, they are sprinkled with earth, watered and a micro-greenhouse is installed. After the emergence of seedlings, the shelter is removed, and the container is rearranged in a warm, sunny place.

Growing hawthorn from seeds

Caring for hawthorn seedlings is easy. It consists in regular watering with warm water under the root. After irrigation, the soil is carefully loosened. Fertilize twice a year with organic fertilizers. Hawthorn is a slow-growing plant, with an annual growth of 15–20 cm. After the plant reaches 30 cm and develops a strong root system, it can be safely transferred to an open area.

How to plant hawthorn seeds in autumn in open ground

In order for planting hawthorn with seeds to give a positive result, they take the prepared seed of the last year. In this case, germination can occur only after a year and a half.

Seeds are sown in a sunny place, avoiding damp and wetlands. The earth is dug up, humus and rotted manure are added. They make shallow furrows, lay the planting material to a depth of 1–1,5 cm and sprinkle it with earth, carry out abundant watering, and cover the bed with pine needles or dry foliage.

How to grow hawthorn from cuttings

Propagating hawthorn by cuttings is a difficult and painstaking task. They take root for a long time and reluctantly, therefore, choosing the method of propagation of hawthorn by cuttings, you need to take into account that the planting material takes root for 1,5–2 years and it is not a fact that the plant will begin to grow and develop.

Is it possible to cut hawthorn

The cuttings are cut before the foliage blooms. If rooting will be done under a film cover, shoots can be cut in late autumn, after leaf fall.

Hawthorn propagation by cuttings in autumn

For cuttings, one-year, green shoots are selected, no more than 1 cm thick. Side shoots growing on the south side are ideal for this. The selected shoot is divided into cuttings 10-15 cm.

Freshly cut planting material is kept for about an hour in a root formation stimulator and planted in a large pot with nutrient soil. The land can be purchased at the store, or you can cook it yourself. To do this, river sand, peat and chalk are mixed in equal parts.

The soil is watered with a rooter in which the cuttings were located, and chopped shoots are placed. To create the temperature and humidity conditions necessary for germination, the pot is covered with a plastic or glass bottle.

The appearance of the first leaves is a sign of rooting. After that, the shelter is removed for 10-15 minutes, daily increasing the time spent outdoors. Seedling care consists of watering and fertilizing. During the growing season, young seedlings are fed with nitrogenous fertilizers. Watering is carried out abundantly, but infrequently after the topsoil has completely dried out.

The next year, a stronger, rooted bush can be planted in a chosen place.

Hawthorn propagation by cuttings in spring

In the spring, planting material is cut before sap flow. The technology for cutting and preparing for planting is the same as when planting cuttings in the fall at home.

Planting material is planted in a checkerboard pattern, maintaining an interval between rows of half a meter, and between plants – 20 cm. For rooting, air humidity of at least 80% is needed.

To maintain the temperature-humid conditions, special fogging installations are made. For this:

1. A ditch is dug half a meter deep, filled with compost or humus by ½, a layer of sand is poured on top and planting material is planted.
2. The trenches are tightly tamped on 2 sides, glass is installed on top in a wooden frame (you can use old window glass).
3. In order for the frame to lie tightly, boards are laid around the perimeter of the pit.
4. The inner side of the glass is sheathed with a light, moisture-absorbing fabric.
5. On a sunny day, when the moisture absorbed into the fabric evaporates, fog will be created, thanks to which the temperature-humid regime is maintained.

If, after propagation of the hawthorn, the cuttings overwintered well, this is the key to success. In the spring, during the growing season, the young plant begins to be intensively fed with nitrogenous fertilizers after abundant watering.

The following year, the propagated plants are planted in a permanent place with an interval of at least 2 m. But for better growth and development, experienced gardeners advise transplanting 4 years after rooting.

Gardeners began to practice rooting hawthorn in potatoes:

1. Prepare chopped shoots.
2. All eyes are removed from potatoes.
3. After that, the cuttings are inserted into the root crop and buried in the ground.
4. The earth is watered and mulched. Top with a glass or plastic jar.

hawthorn grafting

Grafting is the best way to propagate hawthorn. Rowan and an old, poorly fruiting hawthorn bush can be suitable as a stock.

Which method to choose

There are 3 methods for grafting hawthorn:

• into cleavage;
• as an example;
• copulation.

In the split – the top of the branch (stock) is cut off at the desired height, after which a vertical incision 5 cm deep is made on the stump, where the cutting (graft) is inserted. The prepared material for propagation should be healthy and have 3-4 buds. The lower cut of the scion is made cone-shaped so that it is easier to place it in the gap made.

In the butt – the method of execution is the same as when grafting into a split, but there is one difference: the scion is inserted into a pocket cut out on the side wall of the stock.

Copulation is a popular and effective way. For this method, the diameter of the rootstock and scion must be the same. On the scion and rootstock, oblique cuts are made at an angle of 30 degrees, for a tight connection of tissues.

Copulation is the easiest method, even a novice gardener can handle it. Advantages of copying:

• ease of execution;
• 100% survival rate;
• you can plant various fruit trees and shrubs;
• after 12 months, you can collect the first fruits.

What can hawthorn be grafted on

Hawthorn can be grafted onto red rowan and old, unfruitful hawthorn shrubs. The best stock for hawthorn is red rowan. Reproduction in this way makes it possible to obtain a stem tree, on which, as practice shows, the taste and medicinal qualities of the fruit do not change.

When grafted onto an old bush, the bush is rejuvenated and fruiting resumes.

Hawthorn grafting on an apple tree

Closely related plants can be grafted onto an apple tree. That is, you can propagate by grafting an apple tree with an apple tree or an apple tree with a pear.

The main condition for any vaccination: only stone fruits take root on stone fruits, and seeds on pome fruits.

When propagating interspecific trees, the plant will be short-lived, with a small and poor-quality crop.

Is it possible to graft a hawthorn on a pear seedling

It is impossible to graft a hawthorn on a pear; you can graft a pear of certain varieties on a hawthorn. When engaged in experimental grafting, it must be remembered that when propagating in this way, fruiting occurs in 2-3 years. Therefore, when grafting specimens of different breeds, you can lose a lot of time and not wait for the expected result.

Terms and rules of vaccination

Hawthorn can be propagated by grafting after the snow melts, before bud break or immediately after leaf fall. For the scion, 2 summer plants with a root collar diameter of 1 cm are taken. The grafting is carried out at a height of 1 m, while the side shoots are not removed.

The key to good survival depends on the cuttings. They should be:

• cut from the south side of the tree;
• harvested in the fall and overwintered in the cellar or in the refrigerator;
• they should have 4 to 7 well-developed buds.

Whatever method of vaccination is chosen, the execution technique is the same for everyone:

1. The vaccination site is tied with polyethylene or insulating tape.
2. Open spaces are treated with garden pitch.
3. The joints must be protected from moisture penetration, but not overstretched.
4. A month after the appearance of the kidneys, the bandage is loosened.
5. Until the moment of complete fusion, hawthorn needs care and attention: protection from direct sunlight, removal of extra branches, prevention of insect pests.

The success of the work carried out will be visible in 30-40 days. If reproduction is carried out according to the rules, and the scion quickly took root, the hawthorn will begin to bear fruit the very next year.

What can be grafted on hawthorn

Hawthorn is an excellent rootstock for pears. The seedlings grafted on it develop well and bear fruit. In order for a fruit tree to begin to bear fruit, it is necessary to choose the right varieties. On hawthorn, varieties such as Talgar beauty, Zolotovorotskaya, Prykarpatskaya, Bere Kyiv, Goverla breed well. They give good growth, begin to immediately form flower buds and bear fruit.

Some varieties, according to gardeners, do not take root on hawthorn. These include: Sonatina, seedless Drich, 56-25 Vyzhnitsa.

How to breed hawthorn with basal offspring

This method of reproduction is used for bush forms of hawthorn. Apply the method in late August-early September.

The emerging annual shoots are carefully separated, but not dug out, from the mother plant, trying not to damage the horizontal root. After an independent young plant overwinter, take root and begin to turn green, it can be dug up and transplanted to a new place.

Propagation of hawthorn by layering

Layering can only propagate bush forms of hawthorn. The technology of work is very simple:

1. After the end of spring frosts, annual shoots are carefully laid in a prepared trench.
2. They are attached to the soil with a wooden horn or staple so that the top is located above the soil surface.
3. The trench is covered with earth, watered abundantly, the soil is mulched.
4. Branch branch from the mother plant is carried out in autumn or spring.

How to propagate large-fruited hawthorn

On sale you can find a large assortment of large-fruited hawthorn seedlings, but many varieties are expensive and not everyone can afford. Therefore, in order to grow a beautiful and useful hedge on a personal plot, you need to know how the large-fruited hawthorn breeds.

Large-fruited hawthorn reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. When propagated by seeds, the first shoots may appear a few years after planting. A plant grown from seeds loses its maternal resemblance, and fruiting occurs at 7–8 years.

Hawthorn reproduces well vegetatively. The cropped old plant begins to intensively grow root shoots, which are dug up and transplanted to a new place.

And also a good result is given by grafting a young cutting onto an old, infertile plant.

Conclusion

Hawthorn can be propagated in many ways. Each of them has its pros and cons. By choosing the most suitable one, you can diversify the garden with a beautiful and useful shrub, which will be decorated in spring with white, fragrant flowers, and in autumn it will delight you with bright red juicy and medicinal fruits.