Removal of rectal polyps

Removal of rectal polyps is the only effective method aimed at combating such a serious disease. Conservative approaches rarely help to cope with the disease, especially in cases of an advanced stage of development, in the presence of many formations or especially large growths. An operation performed by real professionals can help here. The productivity of such a radical measure is confirmed by the numerous reviews of people who have already gone through such an intervention.

Despite the fact that in the medical classification polyps are usually classified as benign formations, this does not mean that when they appear, the disease can be ignored. So that problems in the intestines, whether they are true or inflammatory, do not develop into something more, you need to get rid of the source of problems at an early stage.

Polyp classification

A polyp with localization in the rectum is a benign tumor that consists of the mucous membrane of both the rectum and the colon. Such an outgrowth likes to “settle” on the wall of a hollow organ, attaching to the surface due to the base or a strong leg. Despite the fact that it grows from epithelial tissue, inside it contains other cells.

The price of measures aimed at neutralizing such formations depends on their number, characteristics and severity of the lesion. Also, the cost will be affected by the specific type of polyp and the way in which they will get rid of it. Taking into account all of the above, it is difficult to say exactly how much the whole complex of procedures costs. Because of this, doctors recommend that you first go through a preliminary examination and ask a question about the price directly to your doctor.

It is believed that all benign tumors of this kind have only three basic geometric shapes. Most of it is in the ball. There are options that look like a mushroom with an extensive hat. Branched versions without a clearly defined form are the least common. It is with such proposals that surgeons usually have the hardest time.

By consistency, the polyp is close to a soft composition, which received a pink, burgundy, dark red color. The exact shade depends on how well the connection between the lesion and the blood vessels in the vicinity was established for the supply of nutrients.

In general, polyps can choose the location of any organ of the digestive tract, and not just the rectum. And they are almost equally common in men and women. According to statistics, the representatives of the stronger sex are approximately one and a half times more susceptible to this disease. In rare cases, they make themselves felt even in children.

Before directing the victim for endoscopic removal of the unhealthy zone, the doctor must first establish the specific class of the lesion. In addition to the division according to the quantitative component, experts use another classification. It relies on differences in structure:

• fibrous;
• adenomatous;
• villous.

Variations of the fibrous polyp are usually created on the basis of the connective tissue, choosing for the place of fixation those areas of the mucous membrane that are often inflamed. Such processes often become the cause for an extensive inflammatory process with initially healthy tissues being drawn into it. Also, the fibrous component often becomes an ideal environment for triggering the suppuration mechanism. At the same time, it rarely transforms into a malignant neoplasm that metastasizes throughout the rectum. Doctors advise not to test the theory in practice and treat with a laser, or in another way according to medical indications, the primary source of the disease immediately.

The adenomatous class is distinguished by the ability to grow up to 3 cm in diameter, fixing itself to the wall with its leg. Inside it has glandular tissue. Unlike the fibrous counterpart, it is much more likely to cause a full-fledged oncological neoplasm. In order to prevent the development of the saddest scenario, it is worth immediately removing the detected growth.

Even in the initial phase of development, an adenomatous polyp provides for a precancerous condition, so it is worthwhile to quickly decide on the optimal excision technique. But treatment with folk remedies is not worth practicing, since education usually progresses very quickly. In an attempt to correct the situation by self-treatment, you can only miss the chance for a successful recovery.

The villous category includes processes that are round or slightly elongated. It is distinguished by a velvety surface, which became possible due to the many villi. Due to the fact that its structure is very soft, it is quickly injured even with slight pressure.

In the future, it becomes one of the fundamental causes of the development of malignant oncology of the digestive tract. Any medical forum where there is peer review from experienced physicians will confirm these concerns.

Separately, multiple polyps are considered, which are represented by mixed classes, ranging from mucocystic to villous-glandular. If the victim was diagnosed with diffuse polyposis, then this indicates the growth of a large group of polyps. They literally stick around the inner surface of the intestine, which greatly complicates the passage of processed food.

The cause of

Doctors insist that when sorting through the methods of treating the presented disease, it would be more logical to first identify the source of the problem. In the future, this will allow you to carefully work on prevention in order to block all chances of relapse.

In clinical practice, there is no XNUMX% single correct factor that induces the development of defects that are so painful for a person. Usually several aspects merge together, among which are noted:

• failures in terms of psycho-emotional state;
• inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of a chronic course;
• bad heredity;
• unfavorable environmental conditions;
• sedentary lifestyle with little physical activity.

But the most important point is still malnutrition. When a person’s daily diet does not include enough plant fiber, the rectum begins to protest. It bleeds, signaling that it is gradually covered from the inside with destructive growths.

Some researchers adhere to the theory that chronic inflammatory processes with localization in the colon become a harbinger of polyps. Also, the following diseases become indirect catalysts for failure in the body:

• enteritis;
• ulcerative colitis;
• dysentery;
• hemorrhoids.

Frequent constipation or any other disorders of the digestive system can provoke the development of pathology. Also, with reduced immune functions, the body turns into an optimal environment for pathogens of viral infections, which often involve consequences in the form of effects on the rectum. Separately, the victim’s passion for food, which contains an increased amount of fat, is taken into account. Adds risks of drinking alcohol and smoking, as well as age-related changes.

When should you go to the doctor?

In order for modern therapies to work with an increased likelihood of a positive outcome, it is necessary to contact the hospital as early as possible. To help patients, doctors have developed a kind of map of alarming symptoms.

As soon as the patient experiences at least a few of the above dangerous signs, this becomes a reason for seeking qualified help.

Only the asymptomatic course of the first stage of development will cause difficulties here. But as soon as a benign tumor undergoes trauma, or inflamed tissues surround it, a person will face:

• anal itching;
• frequent urge to go to the toilet;
• pain after or during bowel movements;
• mucus in the feces, and sometimes even blood is present;
• chills, high body temperature, which signals the triggered mechanism of inflammation.

In rare cases, a polyp may come out on its own during a bowel movement. But if it fell off due to pressure or mechanical trauma, then an open wound surface forms at the site of its connection.

Not only will it become an excellent breeding ground for infectious pathogens of ailments, it will also bleed. Additionally, the victim will experience pain, as the fallen off process will be infringed by the sphincter.

Doctors also highlight a list of symptoms that are characteristic of larger formations, the size of which reaches 3 cm. Often they belong to the camp of villous adenomas. Then the patient will be pursued by:

• blood in feces;
• pathological mucous admixture;
• pronounced pain in the abdomen;
• constipation;
• the feeling of a foreign object in the anus, if the polyp has already fallen off and now blocks the natural exit of processed waste products.

Often, victims are faced with a sharp weight loss and depletion of the body, which is caused by a water and electrolyte imbalance. This is characteristic of neoplasms of gigantic size. No amount of proper nutrition will help here. You just need to urgently make an appointment with a proctologist to minimize the risks of possible side effects.

Against the background of all of the above, patients have to resist constant fatigue. If at this time to do a complete blood count, it will show a reduced level of hemoglobin. With a running variant, the victim develops an anal fissure, which leads to paraproctitis.

The right preparatory approach

Before finally choosing the mode of excision of the lesion, the proctologist is obliged to send his ward to undergo a preliminary examination. It is aimed at eliminating contraindications. Some diagnostic measures make it possible to qualitatively visualize polyps in order to assess their number, size, and features.

Usually the preparation includes a digital examination of the rectum. But since this is often not enough, the doctor issues a referral for an endoscopic examination of the colon. We are talking about sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy.

It does not do without a histological examination of the biopsy material. The procedure is aimed at eliminating the possibility of the transformation of an ordinary benign tumor into a malignant one.

With an insufficiently complete information picture, irrigoscopy is allowed. But gastroscopy is prescribed to almost everyone without exception. An endoscopic examination is designed to examine the health of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Differential diagnosis allows you to distinguish a polyp from pathologies similar in appearance. Sometimes they can coexist peacefully in the same intestine, which greatly complicates the treatment.

Most often, a classic polyp is confused with an early-stage lipoma, which is localized in the submucosal layer of the right side of the colon. But as soon as it grows to an impressive size, it blocks the entire path.

It is a little more difficult to confuse pathology with a tumor of non-epithelial size, since the latter does not have a special distinctive pedicle. Also in the list of similar ailments were large fibroids that grow in the muscle layer, angiomas, vascular tumors, actinomycosis.

Particularly insidious is Crohn’s disease, which is often diagnosed under the concept of pseudopolyposis. In fact, the focus of this disease is located much higher – in the upper part of the large intestine.

To determine a specific disease, as well as to minimize the chances of mixing several anomalies at once, a histological test is performed.

Removal of a polyp

Initially, there was only one option in medicine for conservative therapy to combat such benign lesions. We are talking about celandine juice. But as soon as the researchers realized that such an approach did not bring any practical benefit, it was no longer used at all.

Today, treatment involves exclusively surgical removal, as well as a rather long postoperative period. It is aimed at healing and preventing the recurrence of growth. In private medical centers and public hospitals, the following methods are used to implement the plan:

• polyectomy, which relies on the involvement of a rectoscope and a colonoscope;
• transanal excision;
• resection of a certain piece of the intestine;
• transanal resection, which involves the formation of an anorectal anastomosis;
• endomicrosurgery.

The first version is the most popular. The operation itself includes first introducing an operating device into the rectum, and then a loop is thrown over the process through it. Later, the loop is heated by connecting to an electric current, which allows the polyp to come out without any problems.

Rehabilitation and the manipulation itself last much longer for those who have become a victim of polyposis. It all depends not only on the diameter and the specific location of the growths. The results of histological testing will have to be taken into service.

If the visualization showed that the polyps are scattered individually, but do not exceed 0,5 cm in size, then you just have to be regularly examined at least once every six months. But as soon as a benign formation becomes larger than 0,5 cm, then you can move on to an active strategy. It covers polypoietmoidectomy under the control of endoscopic equipment.

This step is explained by the risk of malignancy, which means transformation into a malignant tumor. To neutralize the “nests”, all the same methods described above are used, with an eye to the affected area.

If the doctor preferred sigmoidoscopy with subsequent removal of the lesion, then the former place of polyp growth is necessarily cauterized. This will protect the intestine from infection by pathogenic microorganisms.

Very rarely, doctors use the tactics of a direct incision of the intestine, when endoscopic equipment acts as an assistant. The collected pathological material is then sent to the clinical laboratory.

Complications after surgery

Even a manipulation carried out under the guidance of experienced medical personnel can result in the development of complications. Most often, bleeding occurs, which develops for almost a week after surgery.

If in the first few days after surgical interventions a person is bleeding, then this usually indicates insufficient quality coagulation of the leg. In late bleeding, experts usually suspect eschar rejection. Moreover, the release of blood can be both insignificant and abundant. But in any case, the victim should seek qualified help again. During the next session of endoscopy, the doctor will perform electrocoagulation again. With the most dangerous development of events, a bowel resection is prescribed.

Sometimes recovery is slowed down due to intestinal perforation, which makes itself felt both during the intervention and after. In this scenario, it is most effective to suture the damaged wall. You will also need to resort to a strategy to disconnect the intestine from the passage of feces.

In order to prevent the worst, doctors insist on the need to adhere to the recommendations issued. The therapeutic diet during rehabilitation is prescribed by the attending physician, taking into account the individual characteristics of the ward’s body.