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Removal of perianal warts is of interest not only to women, but also to men. This disease is presented in the form of single or multiple growths, usually pale pink in color. Their shape resembles a cauliflower.
Cones are localized in the perianal region, or external genitalia. The last scenario is more characteristic of the stronger sex. The formation of genital warts is closely related to human infection with one of the types of papillomavirus.
If the patient is not provided with qualified treatment on time, then the advanced stage threatens with the growth of neoplasms to enormous sizes. Worst of all, when a newly appeared bump closes the anal canal, which prevents normal defecation. So one pathology can become a provocateur of several more diseases.
The worst thing about diagnosing perianal type condyloma is that a lump that once appeared on the surface indicates infection of the victim’s body. This means that now he is moving into the rank of a chronic patient. The only protection against relapse is following preventive measures.
Reasons for the formation of warts
Despite the many offers, the price of which seems attractive to many, you should not trust alternative ways of treatment. This approach is only part of complex therapy, where the basis is still their complete removal in one of several ways.
In the course of scientific experiments, scientists have found that in most cases, the sixth or eleventh type of human papillomavirus becomes a catalyst for the spread of perianal warts. Papilloma itself is one of the most common viruses in the world. He likes to isolate himself on the skin or mucous membrane. Today, experts count about a hundred varieties of this dangerous virus, which are often localized just on the skin of the perineum.
The virus is often sexually transmitted, with about 50% of all sexually active individuals having at least one form of the virus. The percentage of the viral category of genital warts accounts for approximately 2% of the total number of victims.
Initially, condyloma begins its growth in the deep layers of the skin or mucous membrane of the genital organs. But over time, with active cell division, the localization of the lesion goes beyond the surface of deep tissues. At the same time, a person exhibits characteristic clinical symptoms. At this stage, a person becomes dangerous to others, as he carries the infection.
The infection itself occurs during intimacy, when one of the partners is in the appropriate state. It is believed that people of non-traditional sexual orientation are infected approximately five times more often. The most common provocateurs of the disease are called:
- frequent change of sexual partners, regardless of whether there was vaginal, anal or oral contact;
- weakened immunity due to a serious illness, psycho-emotional shock;
- pregnancy;
- susceptibility to HIV infection.
If there are many sexual partners, it will be quite difficult to determine how long ago the infection occurred, since genital warts can manifest themselves in a year or a couple of weeks. It all depends on their specific type, as well as the individual characteristics of the victim. When the virus is localized in the deep layers, it practically does not pose a significant threat to the sexual partner.
In women, formations are usually found on the labia minora and labia majora, and in men, on the glans penis. In both sexes, perianal warts are fixed almost equally often directly around the anus, making it difficult to fulfill natural needs.
Varieties of strains
Before sending anal warts for removal, the attending specialist must study their features in detail, as well as determine the specific strain. In the future, such scrupulousness will make it possible to build competent restorative therapy, as well as prevention to delay a possible relapse for decades.
Schematically, perianal formations are divided into two subtypes depending on their appearance: pointed and flat.
According to the given category, the optimal format for their excision will vary. Moreover, the first type is diagnosed much more often in people of any age. Externally, the formations are similar to growths resembling nipples with a small leg.
Usually their color is as close as possible to the natural skin tone of the victim, but slight deviations are possible. Initially, a single anal wart makes itself felt, and if the symptoms are ignored, after a short period of time, they become much more.
In the absence of a competent radical therapy format, the patient will face the so-called “cockscombs” in the near future. So experts call a vast territory in the perineum, which is literally overgrown with warts of various sizes. Removing a whole comb at once can be problematic even with the use of innovative, relatively safe devices.
Flat variations, although they are an order of magnitude less common, are much more dangerous.
Difficulties are added by the fact that the victim is unlikely to be able to detect them on their own during daily washing. And when the formation has already reached an impressive size, in order to be noticed, it will take a long time to treat it.
Flat analogues do not rise above the skin, which was the reason for their name of the same name.
Often, patients learn about their existence during a preventive visit to a proctologist, or consultations with him in general on another issue.
Another problem is their shade, which, with a small size of condyloma, can generally hide the neoplasm even from the naked eye of a doctor. If a proctologist suspects, it is better to conduct a clinical study in order to exclude the risks of developing a serious illness.
Doctors strongly recommend removing warts near the anus immediately after they are discovered, as soon as appropriate preparation is made. You should not try to get rid of them yourself, using recipes from traditional medicine, or pharmacy products designed to dry up common warts. Otherwise, you can blur the clinical picture, or further aggravate the situation.
It is especially important to pay attention to the characteristic alarming symptoms, covering:
- sensation of a foreign body in the perineum or directly in the anus;
- itching with burning;
- pathological discharge like mucus, bloody fluid;
- pain syndrome;
- purulent fetid discharge.
The latter belong to neglected cases when a person has suffered to disintegration, followed by suppuration of the lesion. Immediately after discovering several or even one dangerous sign in yourself, you should make an appointment with a proctologist.
First, the doctor will conduct an initial examination to verify suspicions, and only then will he take a digital examination of the rectum.
This will accurately determine the area of the lesion, the degree of inflammation. If the patient experiences a feeling of embarrassment during the examination, then doctors recommend buying special disposable underwear with an opening for the anus in advance at the pharmacy.
As additional testing, the doctor may prescribe endoscopy, which includes sigmoidoscopy. It does not do during the consultation without issuing a referral for an immunological study of blood. It is designed to help deal with the type of infection, and will also become the basis for drawing up a rehabilitation program.
If, even at this stage, you continue to ignore the disease, then it will not do without complications.
We are talking about an increase in the number of growths, growth in size. In the worst case scenario, the victim may even be diagnosed with a form of squamous cell carcinoma.
In clinical practice, physicians have even come across giant warts, which in professional terminology are called Buschke-Levenshtein tumors.
Such a disregard for one’s own body ends with the appearance of fistulas and general intoxication of the body.
Therapeutic approach
If the affected area is relatively small and the formation is single, then the doctor will first suggest using a conservative treatment format. But if this is not the first case of an ailment, or the area with growths is too extensive, then it will be more effective not to waste time and proceed with surgical removal.
The choice of excision involves taking into account many factors, ranging from the number of anal warts, their diameter, as well as specific localization. At the same time, high-quality therapy must include three important aspects:
- removal of growths with infected tissues by physical, immunological or chemical means;
- adherence to the rules of immunotherapy;
- resistance to the virus.
If a person is only concerned about a single perianal condyloma, then he will be offered to use ointments first, or they will be sent to do laser coagulation. But with multiple or merged warts, only surgery will help, which involves cutting off problematic neoplasms.
Also, do not lose sight of the productivity of combined treatment with the use of immunostimulating drugs after neutralization of the lesion.
Moreover, it is worth making sure that both sexual partners go to the reception, otherwise the help will be useless.
Destruction of the neoplasm
Removal of genital warts has many varieties, depending on medical indications. Today, experts suggest using:
- diathermocoagulation;
- laser coagulation;
- radio wave method;
- cryodestruction;
- surgical excision.
The first option involves the impact of electric current. Here you should prepare for the fact that the intervention is extremely painful. To stop the pain syndrome, specialists specially administer drugs for local anesthesia. Previously, the victim is given an allergic test for the injected composition. The disadvantage of this method is the ability to remove only small lesions, or medium-sized neoplasms, which are not accompanied by any complications such as bleeding.
Laser coagulation is a bloodless intervention that effectively copes with growths of small or medium diameter. The principle of exposure is based on the evaporation of moisture from genital warts, after which they die. For the comfort of the patient, he is also administered an anesthetic composition in advance.
The radio wave analogue has a wider range of indications, since it covers the ability to eliminate formations of any size and localization. For small or medium single lesions, cryodestruction, which relies on exposure to liquid nitrogen, is ideal. With the help of such a gentle type of influence, it gets to save the skin area from extensive scars.
If the victim has a large growth, then liquid nitrogen can be dealt with, but you only have to visit the diagnostic room several times.
The technique is safe for the victim, but only on condition that he does not have an individual intolerance to the main active ingredient of the algorithm – liquid nitrogen. The oldest and at the same time still in demand solution is still a surgical operation. Today, proctologists prefer to resort to it only when the build-up really has outstanding dimensions.
The reason for this limitation is the need for general anesthesia, which has a number of contraindications, and also negatively affects the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The procedure should be carried out in the sterile conditions of a hospital hospital so that, if necessary, the medical staff can help block the consequences of a large open wound surface.
Some patients do not like this method due to the fact that it cannot do without suturing, which guarantees traces of scars in the future.
You also have to spend more time on postoperative care. But if there is a large perianal condyloma, then it will not be as effective to overcome it with something else.
As a recommendation for the rehabilitation period, doctors remind you of the need to take laxatives. They help facilitate the act of defecation.
Also, after each trip to the toilet, you will have to treat the wound with an antiseptic solution in order to level the likelihood of infection on the surface. In the first days, lubrication of the cut site with ointments with an anesthetic effect is allowed. It is worthwhile to clarify the appropriate option with the attending doctor in private.