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Various neoplasms may appear in the intestinal area, which, without timely treatment, begin to affect the sections of the small intestine. The main symptoms of the appearance of neoplasms are sudden abdominal pain, intoxication, anemia, cachexia, unreasonable constipation and diarrhea, bloody discharge in the stool, and symptoms of intestinal obstruction.
To establish the localization and nature of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a number of diagnostic measures. As a rule, doctors prescribe: endoscopic examination with the collection of affected tissue to determine the malignancy of the tumor; ultrasound examination of the organs of the peritoneum; x-ray of the small intestine. Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a method for treating tumors. It could be chemotherapy or surgery.
When is surgery prescribed?
The main goal of surgery is to remove tumor processes. The main task is to remove not only tumors, but also to stop the development of metastases. Therefore, before starting treatment, it is necessary to undergo a complete examination in order to accurately diagnose and determine the stage of development of the tumor process. Sometimes patients need surgery to prevent intestinal obstruction.
What are the methods
In medical practice, there are two methods of treatment: surgery and palliative surgery. The first technique is to remove all tumor tissue, including possible metastases that can penetrate the lymph node system or other vital organs. During this operation, doctors remove the affected areas of intestinal tissue and adjacent healthy tissue. Thus, doctors can prevent the recurrence of the tumor process. Before treatment begins, tumor cells may invade the lymph nodes, which must also be removed.
Palliative surgery is prescribed if the tumor process in the intestine is already progressing, but the metastases are not removed. Thus, specialists are trying to prevent all the complications that were caused by the tumor, but at the same time, the patient no longer has a chance to fully recover.
If the tumor develops inside the intestine itself, then it can result in a complete obstruction of the passage of intestinal contents, which can be fatal. In this case, the doctors are faced with the task of reducing the tumor so that you can safely empty the intestines.
Preparing for an operation
Before you start to carry out surgery, you need to go through a number of diagnostic measures. This will determine the exact localization of the tumor process, its condition and the possible development of metastases.
Patients are assigned:
- palpation of the lower part of the rectum;
- ultrasound examination of the organs of the peritoneum;
- chest x-ray;
- rectoscopy.
According to the results of diagnostic measures, doctors already determine the method of treatment.
Types of treatment of tumors of the rectum
In medical practice, there is more than one way to remove tumors in the small intestine. For each patient, the type of surgical intervention is prescribed individually. It all depends on the results of the diagnostic study. Let’s look at each technique individually.
Open and minimally invasive surgical therapy
This technique is suitable for those patients in whom the tumor process has not yet reached the deeper parts of the small intestine. All neoplasms are removed during diagnosis using an endoscope.
If specialists have doubts that all the affected tissues have been removed, they may prescribe the usual surgical intervention to remove the neoplasms. The usual operation is performed by opening the peritoneal region.
If the tumor process is already in an advanced form, then, without a doubt, doctors prescribe a laparotomy. In other cases, laparoscopy is performed. Unlike opening the abdominal cavity, laparoscopy has several advantages. The main thing is a quick recovery.
Radical removal of tumors of the small intestine
We all know that if a tumor reaches the fourth stage of development, then it can metastasize to nearby organs and tissues. To prevent this from happening, doctors remove not only the neoplasm itself with affected tissues, but also healthy areas. This technique often prevents the recurrence of tumors in the small intestine. It is impossible to say in advance how much healthy tissue will be removed, everything is decided during the operation.
Non-contact surgery
To prevent tumor cells from spreading throughout the body, before removal, specialists tie up all the vessels of the circulatory and lymphatic systems that are associated with the tumor process.
After that, doctors separate the diseased part of the intestine from the healthy one. It is very important to do everything carefully and prevent rupture of the neoplasm. The purpose of such surgical interventions is to prevent cancer cells from moving to healthy organs and tissues.
Local operation
Doctors resort to this technique only if the tumor is small and is at the first stage of development, because the operation itself involves the direct removal of the tumor process at a safe distance for it. After such an operation, the patient must undergo a histological examination to confirm or exclude the presence of cancer cells in the body. If the results are positive, then the doctors prescribe a radical operation.
What will be the outcome of the operation depends on many factors. If the neoplasms were diagnosed at an early stage, then the prognosis will be much more favorable than when the tumor is removed with the growth of metastases.
Therefore, in order to prevent such situations, it is necessary to undergo preventive diagnostics once a year. This will help to diagnose the tumor process in time and start timely treatment. Remember that everything depends only on you. Your health is in your hands.